Indications | Pathological causes | Frequency | Percentages |
---|---|---|---|
Upper airway obstruction | Â | 178 | 83.2 |
 | Traumatic | 98 | 55.1 |
 |    - Severe head injuries | 69 | 70.4 |
 |    - Foreign body aspiration | 13 | 13.3 |
 |    - Severe maxillofacial injuries | 9 | 9.2 |
 |    - Cut throat | 7 | 7.1 |
 | Neoplastic | 70 | 39.3 |
 |    - Laryngeal tumors | 60 | 85.7 |
 |    - Thyroid cancer | 4 | 5.7 |
 |    - Other neck tumors | 6 | 8.6 |
 | Infections | 18 | 10.1 |
 |    - Tetanus | 16 | 88.9 |
 |    - Retropharyngeal abscess | 2 | 11.1 |
 | Congenital lesions | 2 | 1.1 |
 |    - Laryngeal web | 1 | 50.0 |
 |    - Laryngeal stenosis | 1 | 50.0 |
Mechanical ventilator support/ Tracheobronchial toileting | Â | 26 | 9.3 |
 | Prolonged ventilation | 24 | 92.3 |
 | Diaphragmatic Injury | 2 | 7.7 |
Adjunct to head and neck surgeries | Â | 4 | 1.9 |
 | Anticipated difficult intubation | 4 | 100.0 |
Others | Â | 6 | 1.9 |
 | Post-thyroidectomy tracheomalacia | 3 | 50.0 |
 | ? Gullein Barre syndrome | 1 | 16.7 |
 | Failed endotracheal intubation | 1 | 16.7 |
 | Cause not established | 1 | 16.7 |