Table 1 Diagnostic accuracy of all potential biomarkers for AMI studied in meta-analyses

IMA

 Any stage [38, 66]

2 (1)

19/40

0.188–0.35 ABSU

94.74

(70.61;99.26)

90.48

(68.87; 97.61)

7.21

(2.28; 18.90)

0.18

(0.03; 0.48)

 Transmural

0

IL-6

 Any stage [68, 71]

2 (2)

21/31

28–40 pg/mL

100.00

(0.00;100.00)

82.25

(31.72; 97.88)

3.71

(1.42; 9.80)

0.10

(0.01; 0.42)

 Transmural [73, 82]

2 (2)

23/111

40–20000 pg/mL

90.37

(64.07;98.02)

82.91

(73.98; 89.22)

4.71

(2.65; 7.99)

0.19

(0.04; 0.49)

I-FABP

 Any stage (serum/plasma) [21, 39, 45, 46, 50, 56, 58, 64, 68, 69, 72, 77]

12 (7)

299/1334

90–100000 pg/mL

73.59

(56.56;85.64)

89.79

(79.17;95.31)

4.72

(2.99; 7.26)

0.37

(0.22; 0.54)

 Transmural (serum/plasma) [28, 40, 75, 79]

4 (3)

45/167

100–5787 pg/mL

76.07

(26.79;96.50)

92.05

(75.26;97.78)

5.59

(2.19; 12.60)

0.50

(0.31; 0.71)

 Any stage (urine) [56, 68]

2 (1)

29/54

402–2520 pg/mL

85.96

(68.23;94.58)

72.00

(51.78;86.03)

3.19

(1.66; 6.04)

0.23 (0.07; 0.51)

 Transmural (urine) [28, 75]

2 (2)

13/40

551–1000 pg/mL

92.31

(60.94;98.93)

85.22

(66.58;94.35)

5.40 (2.24; 11.70)

0.19

(0.04; 0.51)

PCT

 Any stage [51, 62, 85]

2 (1)

130/1102

2–6.6 ng/mL

79.11

(65.60;88.27)

89.12

(81.51;93.83)

7.28

(4.04; 12.30)

0.22

(0.12; 0.36)

 Transmural [26, 27, 57]

3 (2)

158/285

0.25–5 ng/mL

81.92

(75.14;87.17)

80.41

(72.59;86.42)

4.10

(2.85; 5.84)

0.23

(0.16; 0.32)

Alpha-GST

 Any stage [19, 30, 35]

3 (1)

57/151

4 ng/mL

76.29

(14.96;98.33)

84.83

(76.09;90.76)

3.53

(1.16; 6.16)

0.45

(0.07; 0.97)

 Transmural

0

D-dimer

 Any stage [12, 14, 19, 20, 24, 39, 41, 43, 53, 59, 80]

11 (6)

234/1164

0.13–136 mg/L

87.92

(77.05;94.04)

69.22

(50.99; 82.94)

2.43

(1.69; 3.57)

0.26

(0.15; 0.40)

 Transmural [11, 37, 83]

3 (1)

28/294

0.3–2.796 mg/L

87.56

(71.13;95.26)

83.64

(37.47;97.76)

5.78

(1.20; 23.20)

0.27

(0.10; 0.61)

CRP

 Any stage [46, 50, 55, 59, 72, 74]

6 (4)

173/940

3–232 mg/L

69.43

(31.32;91.88)

90.22

(45.58;99.03)

3.30

(1.19; 8.87)

0.60

(0.47; 0.79)

 Transmural [31, 33]

2 (2)

184/377

12.6–190 mg/L

80.04

(56.67;92.47)

76.51

(53.13;90.34)

4.96

(0.85; 16.30)

0.35

(0.05; 1.17)

D-Lactate

 Any stage [19, 61, 64, 65, 72]

5 (2)

119/527

0.012–0.35 mmol/L

88.53

(70.55;96.13)

61.66

(27.32;87.31)

2.49

(1.25; 5.65)

0.23

(0.14; 0.38)

 Transmural [40]

1 (0)

13/20

0.363 mmol/L

38.46

(16.98;65.64)

100.00

(0.00;100.00)

17.80

(0.63; 107.00)

0.72

(0.37; 1.36)

NLR

 Any stage [13, 16, 47, 74, 81]

5 (3)

307/692

2.55–17.9

72.62

(55.63;84.87)

80.90

(67.40;89.67)

4.59

(2.41; 8.23)

0.33

(0.20; 0.50)

 Transmural [33]

1 (1)

30/129

8.0

70.00

(51.66;83.59)

23.30

(16.01;32.62)

0.91

(0.66; 1.14)

1.34

(0.64; 2.37)

L-lactate

 Any stage [15, 17, 22, 23, 25, 28, 32, 34,35,36, 48, 50, 53, 54, 59]

15 (12)

604/2348

2.0–5.3 mmol/l

72.99

(61.97;81.76)

69.10

(53.39;81.37)

2.21

(1.53; 3.26)

0.36

(0.33; 0.60)

 Transmural [23, 28, 34, 48, 50, 63, 83]

7 (5)

205/508

2.2–4.15 mmol/l

72.96

(64.54;80.01)

77.36

(57.05; 89.79)

3.21

(1.64; 6.26)

0.39

(0.28; 0.53)

RDW

 Any stage [13, 49, 74]

3 (1)

176/472

13–14.7%

61.74

(50.64;71.74)

78.99

(64.22; 88.73)

3.23

(1.79; 5.77)

0.48

(0.37; 0.60)

 Transmural

0

LDH

 Any stage [19, 49, 50, 72]

4 (3)

118/539

147–420 U/L

78.17

(63.60;88.01)

61.42

(41.94;77.83)

2.10

(1.24; 3.69)

0.39

(0.19; 0.70)

 Transmural [31, 52]

2 (2)

99/281

214–287 U/L

70.71

(61.03;78.82)

62.97

(55.72;69.67)

2.59

(1.25; 5.43)

0.44

(0.28; 0.72)

MPV

 Any stage [13, 29, 74, 76]

4 (2)

264/485

8.3–10.5 fL

66.40

(50.99;78.96)

70.51

(61.38; 78.24)

2.26

(1.34; 3.51)

0.50

(0.26; 0.80)

 Transmural

0

Citrulline

 Any stage [53, 64]

2 (1)

73/177

15.8–16.6 nmol/mL

50.68

(39.3861.92)

94.92

(46.57; 99.75)

10.30

(1.41; 42.60)

0.58

(0.43; 0.75)

 Transmural

0

WBC

 Any stage [13, 17, 18, 20, 31, 32, 35, 39, 46, 49, 50, 59, 72, 74, 81]

15 (9)

642/2107

 < 4 or > 15 × 10⁹/L

69.87

(60.83; 77.59)

68.61

(52.47; 81.23)

2.08

(1.39; 3.16)

0.39

(0.34; 0.67)

 Transmural [30, 33, 42, 44, 63, 67, 84]

7 (4)

219/1048

 < 4 or > 15 × 10⁹/L

70.92

(58.53;80.83)

65.97

(59.55;71.84)

2.00

(1.73; 2.30)

0.47

(0.33; 0.63)

PLR

 Any stage [47]

1 (0)

125/138

250

31.20

(23.70; 9.83)

100.00

(0.00;100.00)

24.30

(0.80; 144.00)

0.78

(0.62; 1.12)

 Transmural [16]

1 0)

27/168

124

75.00

(55.66;87.76)

55.50

(47.22;63.48)

1.68

(1.20; 2.18)

0.47

(0.21; 0.82)

pH

 Any stage [35, 36, 70]

3 (2)

286/1194

7.2–7.35

52.01

(16.37;85.71)

68.60

(26.21;93.08)

1.69

(1.09; 2.86)

0.71

(0.42; 0.95)

 Transmural [30, 57, 79]

3 (1)

36/181

7.245–7.35

54.15

(38.98;68.58)

64.22

(55.95;71.72)

1.48

(0.99; 2.05)

0.74

(0.50; 1.00)

Bicarbonate

 Any stage

0

 Transmural [32, 44, 67]

3 (1)

85/333

18–20 mmol/L

27.38

(18.92;37.85)

87.77

(67.50;96.13)

2.73

(0.66; 8.66)

0.87

(0.69; 1.22)