Table 2 Characteristics of the six included studies that evaluated the efficacy of direct-to-operating room (DOR) trauma resuscitation
From: Efficacy of direct-to-operating room trauma resuscitation: a systematic review
Author | Study setting | Date of recruitment | Intervention group | Study population | DOR indication | Outcome |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Wieck et al. [5] (USA) | Prospective study | From 2009 to 2016 | 82 | Pediatric patients | Chest injury Rigid, distended abdomen Evisceration Penetrating injury of the neck, chest, abdomen, and pelvis Traumatic amputation Age-specific hypotension as defined by the ATLS criteria Significant blood loss at the scene or en route Cardiopulmonary arrest due to trauma Physician discretion | Comparison of actual mortality with predicted mortality based on the TRISS Hospital charge |
Steele et al. [6] (USA) | Retrospective study | From 1984 to 1995 | 742 | All patients | Cardiac arrest Persistent hypotension (SBP < 100 mmHg) despite administration of intravenous fluid in the field Amputation or uncontrolled external hemorrhage Patients received in transfer from other facilities who had known diagnoses requiring urgent operation | Comparison of actual mortality with predicted mortality based on the TRISS Mean time to incision |
Rhodes et al. [7] (USA) | Prospective study | Over 3 years | 240 | All patients | SBP < 80 mmHg Penetrating torso trauma Multiple long bone fractures Major limb amputation Extensive soft tissue wounds Severe maxilla facial hemorrhage Witnessed arrest | Comparison of actual mortality with predicted mortality based on the TRISS Mean time from leaving the scene to arriving at the OR |
Martin et al. [8] (USA) | Retrospective study | From 2000 to 2009 | 1407 | Age > 16 years | Chest injury Rigid, distended abdomen Crush injury to the torso Evisceration Penetrating injury of the neck, chest, abdomen, and pelvis Amputation Profound shock (adult SBP < 80 mmHg, pediatric SBP < 60 mmHg) Massive blood loss at the scene or en route CPR resulting from trauma | Comparison of actual mortality with predicted mortality based on the TRISS Median time to intervention |
Johnson et al. [9] (USA) | Retrospective study | From 2012 to 2017 | 628 | All patients | Chest injury Rigid, distended abdomen Crush injury to the torso Evisceration Penetrating injury of the neck, chest, abdomen, and pelvis Amputation Profound shock (adult SBP < 80 mmHg, pediatric SBP < 60 mmHg) Massive blood loss at the scene or en route CPR resulting from trauma Hypothermia (temperature < 31 °C) EMS or flight provider request Ruptured or dissected aortic aneurysm | Comparison of actual mortality with predicted mortality based on the TRISS |
Habarth-Morales et al. [10] (USA) | Retrospective study | From 2007 to 2019 | 133 | Age ≥ 15 years (Not referrals from other hospitals) | Penetrating injuries of the neck, chest, abdomen, or pelvis Cardiopulmonary arrest Profound shock Amputation (proximal to the elbow or knee) Open chest or abdominal wound (evisceration) NTDB record from 2013 to 2016 Patients with laparotomy performed within 2 h of ED arrival | Propensity score matching Time to laparotomy incision Blood transfusion requirement ICU length of stay Ventilator day In-hospital mortality |