Necrotizing fasciitis: literature review of contemporary strategies for diagnosing and management with three case reports: torso, abdominal wall, upper and lower limbs

Table 3 Risk factors for development of NSTI and the LRINEC scoring system for prediction of NSTI

Risk factors		LRINEC scoring system
	Variable	Values	Score
Preexisting conditions	C-reactive protein	≤150 mg/L	0
diabetes, immunosupression		> 150 mg/L	4
alcoholism, peripheral vascular disease, IV drug abuse, hypertension, corticosteroids, HIV, age < 50 years, GI malignance, malnutrition, major trauma, surgery, perforated viscera, chronic live disease, chronic renal insufficiency, obesity	White blood cell count	< 15 per mm²	0
		15-25 per mm²	1
		> 25 per mm²	2
	Hemoglobin	≤13,5 g/dL	0
		11-13,5 g/dL	1
		< 11 g/dL	2
	Sodium	≥ 135 mmol/L	0
		> 135 mmol/L	2
Existing illness and injuries	Creatinine	< 141 μmol/L	0
Varicella with bacterial superinfection, fractures, liposuction, seawater-seafood, surgery, spider bite and other bites, Cesarean section, burns		> 141 μmol/≤L	2
	Glucose	≤10 mmol/L	0
		> 10 mmol/L	1

NSTI-necrotizing soft tissue infection; GI-gastrointestinal; HIV-human immunodeficiency virus;
LRINEC-Laboratory Risk Indicator for Necrotizing Fasciitis: A score of ≥ 6 is suspicious for NSTI, a score of ≥8 is highly predictive of NSTI

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