Type of NSTI | Depth of involvement | Usual pathogens | Predisposing factors | Time of incubation and rate of progression | The main clinical signs | Treatment options |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Polymicrobial NF-type I | fascia and muscle | obligate and facultative anaerobes | different type of wounds | long (48-96 h) Hour to days | foul- smelling drainage | ICU stay critical care therapy surgery antibiotics ev. HBO |
Monomicrobial NF-type II (Steptococcal gangrene) | skin, fascia and muscle | Streptococci -groups A, C, G, and B; (B is more common) | excoriation or cut wound | short (6-48 h) A few hour | distinct margins | ICU stay critical care therapy surgery antibiotics ev. HBO |
Gas gangrene (Clostridial myonecrosis) | muscle | C. perfirngens (C. perfirngens more common) and C. novyi | tidy wounds | short (6-48 h) A few hour | extreme system toxicity | ICU stay critical care therapy surgery antibiotics HBO |
C. septicum | gastrointestinal lesion | |||||
Non-Clostridial myonecrosis | muscle and fascia | obligate and facultative anaerobes or A. hydrophila | different type of wounds | variable (12-96 h) Hour to days | gas in soft tissue | ICU stay critical care therapy surgery antibiotics HBO |