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Table 2 The effects of IAH on various organ systems, and clinical manifestations of ACS

From: The open abdomen, indications, management and definitive closure

System

Effect

Manifestation

Renal

Renal vein compression, cortical arteriolar compression

Oliguria, rising creatinine

Pulmonary

Upward pressure on diaphragm, decreased compliance and functional residual capacity, increased air way resistance

Hypoxia, hypercarbia, elevated airway pressure, decreased tidal volume

Cardiovascular

Decreased venous return, increased afterload

Decreased cardiac output

Cerebral

Increased intrathoracic pressure with decreased cerebral venous outflow

Elevated Intra Cranial Pressure

Splanchnic

Decreased perfusion of liver and intestine

Metabolic acidosis, bowel ischemia