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Table 1 Demographics and presentation of study cohort (n = 77)

From: Trauma resuscitation requiring massive transfusion: a descriptive analysis of the role of ratio and time

Variable

 

Variable

 

Age (mean ± SD; years)

33.7 ± 14

Injured body region

 

Males

69 (90.8 %)

Head

32 (50 %)

Blunt trauma

68 (88.3 %)

Lung contusion

48 (62.3)

Mechanism of injury

 

Rib fracture

27 (35.5 %)

Traffic Pedestrian

22 (28.6 %)

Pelvic fracture

35 (46.7 %)

Traffic Driver

20 (26 %)

Long bone fracture

24 (32.0 %)

Traffic Passenger

12 (15.6 %)

Spleen

21 (27.3 %)

Fall From Height

10 (13 %)

Liver

25 (32.5 %)

fall of heavy object

5 (6.5 %)

Bowel

15 (19.5 %)

crush injury

1 (1.3 %)

Pancreas

9 (11.7 %)

Gunshot

1 (1.3 %)

Cardiac

4 (5.2 %)

Stab

5 (6.5 %)

Operative interventions

 

SBP (mmHg)

85.2 ± 35.5

Exploratory Laparotomy

51 (66.2 %)

Heart rate (b/min)

119.3 ± 27.6

Thoracotomy

19 (24.7 %)

Temperature in ED (°C)

36.1 ± 0.66

Repair of major vessels

17 (22.1 %)

FAST positive

41 (53.2 %)

Chest tube insertion

7 (9.1 %)

Laboratory Findings

 

Craniotomy

1 (1.3 %)

Initial Hemoglobin (g/dL)

10.3 ± 2.6

External fixation

6 (7.8 %)

Initial Platelets (×109/L)

187.7 ± 69.8

ORIF

1 (1.3 %)

Initial INR

1.6 ± 1.2

Mangled extremity amputation

3 (3.9 %)

Initial APTT (median)

30.3 (22–149)

Successful Angioembolization

10 (13 %)

Initial Fibrinogen (g/L)

0.96 ± 0.58

Intra-operative status

 

Initial pH

7.1 ± 0.2

Stable + damage control

30 (39 %)

Initial HCO3 (mmol/L)

15.6 ± 3.8

Unstable + damage control

24 (31.2 %)

Saline

3739 ± 1411

Stable + procedure completed

8 (10.4 %)

Ringer Lactate (mmol/L)

1300 ± 958

unstable + procedure completed

1 (1.3 %)

Blood products transfused <4 h

 

Intra-operative mortality

13 (20.6 %)

PRBC

10.9 ± 4.9 [10 (2–23)]

ICU LOS

3 (1–45)

FFP

6.5 ± 3.8 [6(1–21)]

Overall Hospital LOS (days)

1.5 (1–112)

Platelet

6.4 ± 3.4 [6(1–22)]

Hospital LOS

28 (8–112)

Severity Scores

 

Multi Organ Failure

49 (63.6 %)

Injury Severity Score

29 (8–75)

Overall mortality

55 (71.4 %)

Revised Trauma Score

4 (1.2–7.8)

  

Glasgow Coma Score

3 (3–15)

  
  1. FFP Fresh frozen plasma, PRBC packed red-blood-cells, ICU Intensive Care Unit, LOS length of stay, FAST Focused Assisted Sonography for Trauma, INR international normalized ratio, APTT Activated Partial Thromboplastin Time, SBP Systolic Blood Pressure, ORIF Open reduction internal fixation
  2. bold means heading variable non-bold means subheadings of the main variable