Table 3 Surgical procedures for hepatic hemorrhage control in complex liver trauma

Damage control surgery^a

39(48.1 %)

20(50.0 %)

59(48.8 %)

>0.05

DCS-perihepatic packing + direct parenchyma suture^a

21(25.9 %)

10(25.0 %)

31(25.6 %)

DCS-perihepatic packing + liver resection^a

4(4.9 %)

4(10.0 %)

8(6.6 %)

DCS-perihepatic packing + RHA ligation^a

1(1.2 %)

1(2.5 %)

2(1.6 %)

DCS-perihepatic packing + direct vessel repair^a

13(16.0 %)

5(12.5 %)

18(14.8 %)

Definitive hepatic repair^a

42(51.8 %)

20(50.0 %)

62(51.2 %)

>0.05

Direct parenchyma suture + hemostatic fibrin gel^a

15(18.5 %)

5(12.5 %)

20(16.5 %)

Hepatotomy + direct vessel repair, vascular ligation and debridement^a

23(28.4 %)

5(12.5 %)

28(23.1 %)

Non-anatomic liver resection^a

2(2.5 %)

4(10.0 %)

6(4.9 %)

Major liver resections^a

2(2.5 %)

4(10.0 %)

6(4.9 %)

Selective RHA ligation^a

0(0.0 %)

2(5.0 %)

2(1.6 %)