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Table 2 Rates of in-hospital mortality for patient characteristics and peri-operative physiologic metrics, by operation type

From: Damage control operations in non-trauma patients: defining criteria for the staged rapid source control laparotomy in emergency general surgery

Variablea

non-RSCL (n = 162)

RSCL (n = 53)

p-valueb

All patients:

33 (20.4 %)

24 (45.3 %)

0.0004

Inflammatory status preoperatively:

 No inflammation

8 (10.7 %)

5 (50.0 %)

0.0012

 Sepsis

10 (19.9 %)

10 (35.7 %)

0.0520

 Severe sepsis/septic shock

15 (53.6 %)

9 (60.0 %)

0.6858

Patient Characteristics:

 Male Gender

25 (26.6 %)

13 (44.8 %)

0.0632

 Female Gender

8 (11.7 %)

11 (45.8 %)

0.0004

 Race, White

27 (21.1 %)

20 (43.5 %)

0.0034

 Age (≥70)

20 (36.4 %)

10 (52.6 %)

0.2131

 No comorbidities

17 (23.9 %)

11 (47.8 %)

0.0295

 1 comorbidity

0 (0.0 %)

1 (50.0 %)

0.0016

 2 comorbidities

3 (21.4 %)

3 (42.9 %)

0.3055

 ≥3 comorbidities

13 (22.4 %)

9 (42.9 %)

0.0733

Lethal Triad:

 Hypothermia (temp ≤ 35C)

8 (33.3 %)

3 (42.9 %)

0.6431

 Coagulopathy (INR ≥ 1.7)

5 (38.5 %)

5 (55.6 %)

0.4285

 Acidosis (pH ≤ 7.25)

12 (50.0 %)

10 (55.6 %)

0.7213

Patient characteristics:

 ASA score, 1 or 2

0 (0.0 %)

0 (0.0 %)

-

 ASA score, 3

5 (7.7 %)

1 (12.5 %)

0.6404

 ASA score, 4 or 5

28 (37.8 %)

23 (51.1 %)

0.1559

 Lactate (≥3)

13 (40.6 %)

11 (42.3 %)

0.8970

  1. RSCL rapid source control laparotomy, PRBC packed red blood cells, C Celsius, INR international normalized ratio, ASA American Society of Anesthesiologists, L liters
  2. aCategorical variables are presented as number (%); continuous data are presented as mean (± standard deviation); and non-normally distributed continuous variables as median (interquartile range)
  3. b P-values for overall tests of differences between the groups from χ2 or Fisher’s Exact Test for categorical variables and one-way analysis of variance or Kruskal-Wallis test for continuous variables; p-value of <0.05 significant