Table 1 Clinical characteristics of the patients
Variables | Patient 1 | Patient 2 | Patient 3 | Patient 4 | Patient 5 | Patient 6 | Patient 7 | Patient 8 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (y) | 69 | 36 | 83 | 64 | 78 | 69 | 50 | 79 |
Sex | male | male | male | male | male | male | male | male |
Body temperature (°C) | 35.5 | 36.2 | 36.8 | 37.3 | 36.0 | 37.0 | 36.1 | 35.7 |
Hemodynamics | ||||||||
Shock index | 2.3 | 0.8 | 2.1 | 2 | 0.8 | 1.7 | 1.1 | 1.3 |
SBP pre-REBOA (mmHg) | 60 | 90 | 96 | 54 | 41 | 63 | 61 | – |
SBP post REBOA (mmHg) | 97 | 111 | 206 | 74 | 82 | 112 | 140 | – |
ΔSBP (mmHg) | 37 | 21 | 110 | 20 | 41 | 49 | 79 | – |
APACHE II | 22 | 7 | 26 | 31 | 22 | 26 | 21 | 30 |
Severity of upper gastrointestinal bleeding | ||||||||
Glasgow Blatchford bleeding score | 17 | 7 | 19 | 11 | 14 | 13 | 12 | 17 |
Clinical Rockall score | 3 | 3 | 4 | 3 | 5 | 3 | 2 | 3 |
AIM 65 score | 3 | 0 | 4 | 3 | 2 | 5 | 0 | 2 |
Initial blood values | ||||||||
White blood cell count (/μL) | 12900 | 13600 | 24000 | 17300 | 9120 | 10600 | 11500 | 7170 |
Hemoglobin (g/dL) | 5.5 | 14.8 | 11.2 | 7.3 | 5 | 5.3 | 8.8 | 6.1 |
Hematocrit (%) | 16 | 44 | 31 | 21 | 15 | 16 | 26 | 19 |
Platelet connt (×104/μL) | 11.9 | 34.6 | 9.3 | 36.8 | 17.3 | 12.2 | 36 | 22.9 |
BUN (mg/dL) | 18.7 | 21.1 | 62.1 | 8.2 | 44.1 | 13.9 | 46.9 | 32.0 |
Lactate (mmol/L) | 11.1 | 1.3 | 9.6 | 5.6 | 15.8 | 6.6 | 63 | 15.0 |
pH | 7.25 | 7.36 | 7.38 | 6.94 | 7.35 | 7.24 | 7.30 | 6.96 |
Base excess (mmol/L) | 0.1 | –2.5 | −11.5 | −14.5 | −14.6 | –9.3 | –9.4 | –21.8 |
Prothrombin time (%) | 51 | 113 | 64 | 62 | 83 | 51 | 105 | 62 |
APTT (sec) | 64.5 | 30.1 | 35.3 | 240 | 64.3 | 123.9 | 33.4 | – |
Diagnosis | Gastric ulcer | Gastric ulcer | Duodenum ulcer | Anastomotic bleeding | Duodenum ulcer | Left gastric artery aneurysm | Duodenum ulcer | Esophageal cancer |
Definitive hemostatic control | endoscopy | endoscopy | endoscopy | AE | AE (failed endoscopy) | AE (failed endoscopy) | AE (failed endoscopy) | AE |
CPA during procedures | no | no | no | yes | no | yes | no | no |
Blood and blood product transfusion within 24 h (mL) | ||||||||
PRBC | 1400 | 280 | 1960 | 2520 | 1960 | 2800 | 3080 | 1680 |
FFP | 1200 | 0 | 1200 | 1680 | 2160 | 1920 | 1920 | 720 |
Re-bleeding | no | no | no | no | yes | yes | no | no |
REBOA | ||||||||
Total occlusion time (min) | 57 | 20 | 140 | 54 | 145 | 95 | 50 | Failure |
REBOA-related complication | none | none | none | none | none | none | none | none |
Outcome within 30 days | Alive | Alive | Alive | Alive | Died < 24 h | Alive | Alive | Died < 24 h |