|
Gender; Male
|
48 (25.4%)
|
141 (48.8%)
|
189 (50.7%)
|
1.4 (0.9–2.3)
|
0.178
|
|
Age in years, median (range)
|
70 (30–92)
|
61 (20–94)
|
63(20–94)
|
NA
|
<0.001
|
|
Heart failure
|
7 (29.2%)
|
17 (5.9%)
|
24 (6.4%)
|
1.5 (0.6–3.6)
|
0.420
|
|
Impaired renal function
|
2 (18.2%)
|
9 (3.1%)
|
11 (2.9%)
|
0.8 (0.2–3.6)
|
1.000
|
|
Diabetes
|
23 (33.8%)
|
45 (15.6%)
|
68 (18.2%)
|
2.0 (1.2–3.6)
|
0.014
|
|
Previous laparotomy on the upper abdomen
|
8 (40.0%)
|
12 (4.2%)
|
20 (5.4%)
|
2.4 (1.0–6.2)
|
0.054
|
|
Previous laparotomy on the lower abdomenb
|
21 (23.9%)
|
67 (24.3%)
|
88 (24.6%)
|
1.1 (0.6–1.9)
|
0.805
|
|
Previous laparoscopic surgery on the abdomenb
|
7 (29.2%)
|
17 (6.2%)
|
24 (6.7%)
|
1.4 (0.6–3.6)
|
0.450
|
|
No previous surgeries
|
52 (21.3%)
|
192 (66.4%)
|
244 (65.4%)
|
0.8 (0.5–1.4)
|
0.442
|
|
Duration of symptoms before admissionc
|
|
< 24 h
|
18 (14.4%)
|
106 (40.2%)
|
124 (36.9%)
|
0.5 (0.3–0.9)
|
0.018
|
|
24 h – 48 h
|
13 (27.1%)
|
35 (13.3%)
|
48 (14.3%)
|
1.4 (0.7–2.9)
|
0.302
|
|
48 h – 72 h
|
16 (25.0%)
|
48 (18.2%)
|
64 (19.0%)
|
1.3 (0.7–2.4)
|
0.439
|
|
> 72 h
|
25 (25.3%)
|
75 (28.4%)
|
100 (29.8%)
|
1.3 (0.8–2.3)
|
0.299
|
|
Hours from admission to surgery, median (range, interquartile range)
|
26 (3–109, 18–42)
|
29 (3–144, 20–48)
|
29 (3–144, 20–47)
|
NA
|
0.156
|
|
Total duration from symptoms onset to surgeryc
|
|
< 24 h
|
12 (21.4%)
|
44 (16.7%)
|
56 (16.7%)
|
1.0 (0.5–2.0)
|
1.000
|
|
24 h - 48 h
|
8 (16.3%)
|
41 (15.5%)
|
49 (14.6%)
|
0.7 (0.3–1.5)
|
0.346
|
|
48 h - 72 h
|
16 (21.3%)
|
59 (22.3%)
|
75 (22.3%)
|
1.0 (0.5–1.9)
|
0.982
|
|
> 72 h
|
35 (22.6%)
|
120 (45.5%)
|
155 (46.3%)
|
1.2 (0.7–2.0)
|
0.564
|
|
Clinical findings
|
|
Pain in right upper quadrant
|
82 (23.1%)
|
273 (94.5%)
|
355 (95.2%)
|
2.4 (0.5–10.7)
|
0.235
|
|
Guarding
|
41 (25.6%)
|
119 (41.2%)
|
160 (42.9%)
|
1.4 (0.8–2.2)
|
0.213
|
|
Signs of generalized peritonitis
|
1 (50.0%)
|
1 (0.3%)
|
2 (0.5%)
|
3.5 (0.2–56.0)
|
0.400
|
|
Palpable gallbladder
|
6 (30.0%)
|
14 (4.8%)
|
20 (5.4%)
|
1.5 (0.6–4.1)
|
0.410
|
|
Preoperative laboratory data, median of highest results (range, interquartile range)d
|
|
CRP (mg/l)
|
215 (3–471, 128–299)
|
123 (3–524, 58–214)
|
145 (3–524, 66–244)
|
NA
|
<0.001
|
|
WBCC (109/l)
|
14 (7–38, 12–18)
|
13 (2.5–32, 10–16)
|
13 (2.5–38, 10–17)
|
NA
|
0.018
|
|
ALAT (U/l)
|
27 (5–222, 17–48)
|
30 (4–705, 18–63)
|
29 (4–705, 18–57)
|
NA
|
0.214
|
|
AFOS (U/l)
|
85 (48–371, 66–126)
|
80 (24–621, 61–112)
|
81 (24–621, 62–113)
|
NA
|
0.075
|
|
Bilirubin (μmol/l)
|
15 (4–121, 9–27)
|
15 (2–230, 9–24)
|
15 (2–230, 9–24)
|
NA
|
0.668
|
|
Radiographic findingse
|
|
Abscess
|
1 (100.0%)
|
0
|
1 (0.3%)
|
NA
|
0.226
|
|
Free fluid
|
9 (36.0%)
|
16 (5.6%)
|
25 (6.7%)
|
2.0 (0.9–4.8)
|
0.097
|
|
Thickened gallbladder wall
|
72 (23.2%)
|
239 (83.0%)
|
311 (83.6%)
|
1.2 (0.6–2.4)
|
0.552
|
|
Preoperative ERCP
|
3 (17.6%)
|
14 (4.8%)
|
17 (4.6%)
|
0.7 (0.2–2.6)
|
0.773
|
|
Surgical findings
|
|
Abscess
|
10 (66.7%)
|
5 (1.7%)
|
15 (4.0%)
|
7.7 (2.5–23.1)
|
<0.001
|
|
Perforated gallbladder
|
12 (33.3%)
|
24 (8.3%)
|
36 (9.7%)
|
1.8 (0.9–3.9)
|
0.102
|
|
Gallbladder perforation during surgery
|
43 (23.0%)
|
144 (49.8%)
|
187 (50.1%)
|
1.1 (0.7–1.7)
|
0.826
|
|
Gangrene of the gallbladder identified by surgeon
|
58 (43.0%)
|
77 (26.6%)
|
135 (36.2%)
|
6.4 (3.6–10.4)
|
<0.001
|
|
Removal of stones from common bile duct
|
0
|
0
|
0
|
NA
|
NA
|
|
Lead surgeon specialist
|
32 (25.2%)
|
94 (32.5%)
|
126 (33.8%)
|
1.3 (0.8–2.1)
|
0.342
|
|
Assistant present
|
53 (29.9%)f
|
124 (42.9%)
|
177 (48.1%)
|
2.7 (1.6–4.6)
|
<0.001
|
