Table 5 Classification of complications that occurred within 30 days from surgery according to the Clavien-Dindo classification and their treatment

Grade I-II

24 (8.3%)

15 (17.9%)

39 (10.5%)

Infections

Antimicrobial medication

 Pneumonia

8

4

12

 Superficial SSI

4

2

6^a

 Urinary tract infection

1

1

 Other infection

1

2

3

Arrhythmias

4

4

Antiarrhythmic medication

High blood pressure

2

2

Blood pressure medication

Perioperative MI

2

2

Medication

Respiratory insufficiency

1

1

2

Medication

Congestion

1

1

2

Medication

Urinary retention

1

1

Catheterisation

Postoperative delirium

1

1

Medication

Nausea

1

1

Antiemetic medication

Perihepatic hematoma

1

1

Follow-up

Wound hematoma

1

1

Change of dressings

Grade III a-b

13 (4.5%)

7 (8.3%)

20 (5.4%)

Common bile duct stone

5

5

ERCP

Surgical site effusion

4

4

Drainage

Bile leak

3

3^a

ERCP, stenting

Deep SSI; abscess

2

1

3

Drainage

Wound dehiscence

2

2

Re-suturation

Bleeding from urinary catheter

1

1

Bladder washout

Intra-abdominal bleeding

1

1

Laparotomy

Pneumonia; pleural effusion

1

1

Thoracocentesis

Grade IV a-b

2 (0.7%)

1 (1.2%)

3 (0.8%)

 Respiratory failure

2

1

3

Intubation, CPAP

Grade V

3 (1.0%)

2 (2.4%)

5 (1.3%)

Sepsis

1

1

Pneumonia

1

1

Heart failure

1

1

Anoxic brain injury during induction of anaesthesia

1

1

Renal failure

1

1

Total

42 (14.5%)

25 (29.8%)

67 (18.0%)