From: Emergency surgery due to diaphragmatic hernia: case series and review
Authors, references | Number of patient, sex, age (years) | Aetiology | Diagnosis | Treatment | Type of hernia | Herniated organs |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lu J et al. Medicine 2016 [41] | 1, M, 51 | Traffic accident | Barium enema CT scan | Splenectomy | Left hemi diaphragm | Splenic flexure of the colon |
1, M, 45 | Traffic accident | Chest X-ray, gastrografin contrast | Splenectomy | Left hemi diaphragm | Stomach and small bowel | |
1, M, 47 | Traffic accident | Chest X-ray, gastrografin contrast | Splenectomy | Left hemi diaphragm | Stomach and omentum | |
1, M, 30 | Traffic accident | Chest X-ray, Gastrografin contrast | Nonoperative treatment | Left hemi diaphragm | Stomach and omentum | |
1, M, 33 | Traffic accident | Chest X-ray, gastrografin contrast | Nonoperative treatment | Left hemi diaphragm | Stomach and omentum | |
1, M, 29 | Penetrating injury | Chest X-ray, gastrografin contrast | Nonoperative treatment | Left hemi diaphragm | Stomach and omentum | |
Manabu Harada, Int J Surg Case Rep. 2016 [42] | 1, M, 78 | Bochdalek hernia | Chest radiography and computed tomography | Laparoscopic Primary closure | Left hemi diaphragm | Omentum, transverse colon, and small intestine |
De la Cour CD; Ugeskr Laeger. 2016 [43] | 1, F, 27 | Partum | Chest radiography and computed tomography | Primary closure | Left hemi diaphragm | |
Razi K; J Surg Case Rep. 2016 [44] | 1, F, 83 | Morgagni hernia | Chest radiography and computed tomography | Mesh closure | Left hemi diaphragm | Transverse colon, greater curvature of the stomach and a partial gastric volvulus |
Manson HJ Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2016 [45] | 1, F, 30 | Bochdalek hernia | Chest radiography and computed tomography | Total gastrectomy with primary Roux-en-Y reconstruction, splenectomy and insertion of a feeding jejunostomy | Left hemi diaphragm | Gangrenous stomach and spleen, cardiac arrest |
Massloom HS; N Am J Med Sci. 2016. [46] | 1, M, 50 | Bochdalek hernia | Computed tomography | Laparotomy and thoracotomy for repairing of defect | Left hemi diaphragm | Bowel |
Kumar, J Surg Case Rep. 2016 [47] | 1, M, 80 | Morgagni hernia | Computed tomography | Laparotomy primary suture | Left hemi diaphragm | Gastric outlet obstruction |
Manipadam JMJ Clin Diagn Res. 2016 [48] | 1, M, 23 | Bochdalek hernia | Chest X-ray | Laparotomy, sleeve resection of the gangrenous portion of the stomach | Left hemi diaphragm | Organoaxial volvulus of the stomach |
Harada M, Int J Surg Case Rep. 2016 [49] | 1, M, 78 | Bochdalek hernia | Chest radiography and computed tomography | laparoscopic repair with primary closure | Left hemi diaphragm | Omentum, transverse colon, and small intestine |
Siow SL; J Med Case Rep. 2016 [50] | 1, M, 32 | Traffic accident | Computed tomographic scan | Laparoscopic surgery with synthetic mesh repair | Left hemi diaphragm | |
A.L. Andreev JSLS 2010 [51] | 1, M, 40 | Traffic accident 12 years earlier | CT scan | Laparoscopic primary suture | Left hemi diaphragm | Large intestine and greater omentum and acute colon obstruction |
1, M, 46 | Surgery for a stab wound to the chest with injury to the heart 5 months before | Chest X-ray | Laparoscopic primary suture | Left hemi diaphragm | Transverse colonic segment | |
Bhatt NR, Trauma Mon. 2016 [52] | 1, M, 23 | Multitrauma 2 y before | Chest X-ray and CT scan | Laparotomy, adhesiolisis and primary repair | Left hemi diaphragm | Small bowel, omentum and large bowel obstruction |
Abdullah M, Stonelake P BMJ case rep 2016 [53] | 1, F 65 | Trauma | Chest X-ray, CT scan | Emergency operation, laparotomy | Left hemi diaphragm | Perforated colon |
Razi K; Journal of Surgical Case Reports, 2016 [54] | 1, F, 83 | Diaphragmatic Morgagni Hernia | Chest X-ray and CT scan | Laparoscopic repair with a composite mesh with an absorbable tic fixation on the diaphragm | Left hemi diaphragm | Transverse colon, the greater curvature of the stomach with a partial gastric volvulus |
A Wigley J Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2014 [55] | 1, F, 72 | Traffic accident | ||||
Atef Mejri Medicine 2015 [56] | 1, M, 56 | Bochdalek hernia | Chest X-ray, barium studies and CT scan | Primary repair Laparoscopy was converted laparotomy | Left hemi diaphragm | Gastric volvulus |
Mahmut Tokur Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg, July 2015 [57] | 1, F, 27 | Congenital DH | Chest X-ray, CT scan | Thoracotomy, primary repair | Left hemi diaphragm | Gastro thorax |
Topuz Mustafa Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg. 2014 [58] | 1, F, 55 | Traffic accident | Chest X-ray, CT scan | Laparotomy primary repair | Right hemi diaphragm | Liver causing mechanic compression on ventricle |
Moussa G Ann R Coll Surg Engl. 2014 [17] | 1, F, 65 | Previous history of pericardial window fenestration and sarcoidosis | Chest X-ray, CT scan | Laparoscopy, mesh repair | Right hemi diaphragm | Left lobe of liver, stomach and colon |
Nakamura T, Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg. 2014 [18] | 1, M, 81 | History of HCC treated with Radiofrequency ablation | Chest US, CT scan | Laparotomy, primary hernia repair, small bowel resection | Right hemi diaphragm | Liver, incarcerated small bowel |
Haratake Naoki Surgery today 2015 [59] | 1, F, 50 | CT scan | Laparotomy, primary hernia repair | Right hemi diaphragm | Heterotopic endometriosis in a patient with Chilaiditi syndrome | |
Gali BM, Niger J Med. 2014 [60] | 1, M, 28 | Penetrating injury years before | CT scan | Laparotomy, primary repair | Left hemi diaphragm | Bowel |
Michael Joseph Newman, BMJ Case Rep 2014 [61] | 1, M, 25 | Bochdalek hernia | Chest X-ray, CT scan | Laparotomy, primary repair, gastric resection | Left hemi diaphragm | Stomach and bowel |
Tyagi Sam, Ann Thorac Surg. 2014 [62] | 1, M, 36 | Morgagni hernia | Chest X-ray, CT scan | Laparoscopy Gore-Tex fixed with a spiral tacker | Left hemi diaphragm | Omentum and transverse colon |
Kurniawan N, Acta Chir Belg. 2013 [32] | 1, M, 17 | Bochdalek hernia | Chest X-ray, CT scan | Laparoscopy primary sutture | Left hemidiaphragm | Stomach, spleen colon |
Ota H Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2014 [63] | 1, M, 62 | Fall accident | ECO FAST, Chest X-ray, CT scan | Video assisted mini thoracotomy Primary suture | Right hemi diaphragm | Hemothorax |
G, et al. BMJ Case Rep 2013 [64] | 1, M, 60 | Fall | Chest X-ray, CT scan | Laparoscopy and laparotomy | Left diaphragm | Stomach, bowel and spleen |
Sonthalia N, J Emerg Med. 2013 [65] | 1, F, 78 | Morgagni hernia | Chest X-ray, CT scan, barium studies | Thoracotomy | Left diaphragm | Gastric volvulus |
Nayak HK BMJ Case Rep. 2012 [66] | 1, M, 50 | Blunt trauma | EGDS, barium studies, CT SCAN | Laparoscopic repair | Left hemi diaphragm | Gastric volvulus and duodenum |
Vernadakis S, Transplant Proc. 2012 [67] | 1, F, 46 | Liver donor | Chest X-ray, CT scan, barium studies | Laparotomy | Right diaphragm | Bowel |
Ngai I, BMJ Case Rep. 2012 [68] | 1, F, 31 | Pregnancy | MRI | Nasogastric tube | Left hemi diaphragm | Spleen, bowel, stomach and pancreas |
Elangovan A J Emerg Med. 2013 [69] | 1, M, 30 | Accident | Chest X-ray and CT scan | Laparoscopy | Left hemi diaphragm | Stomach |
Kuppusamy A, Ulus Trauma Acil Cherrai Derg 2012 [70] | 1, M, 28 | Trauma | CT scan | Thoracotomy | Right hemi diaphragm | Liver |
Ismail Okan, Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg. 2011 [71] | 10 cases, 44,3 y | Trauma | CT scan | 7 laparotomy 1 thoracic-abdominal approach 2 thoracic | 9 left side | |
Ioannis Baloyiannis General Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery 2011 [72] | 1, M, 56 | Trauma | Laparotomy | |||
Vassileva CM Ann Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2012 [73] | 1, F, 25 | Morgagni hernia | Chest X-ray, CT scan | Laparoscopic repair | Right hemi diaphragm | Omentum |
Agrafiotis AC Acta Chir Belg. 2011 [74] | 1, F, 52 | Bochdalek hernia | Chest X-ray, CT scan | Laparoscopic approach, and mini laparotomy prosthetic polypropylene mesh | Left hemi diaphragm | Small bowel loops and the right colon |
Tan K K, Singapore Med J 2009 [75] | 14, median age 38 y | Trauma | Chest X Ray, CT Scan, RMN | Laparotomy, thoracotomy or VATS Primary repair (85.7%) patients or patch repair | five (35.7%) right-sided and nine (64.3%) left-sided diaphragmatic ruptures | |
Akhtar K, Br J Hosp Med (Lond). 2009 [76] | 1, M, 27 | Bochdalek hernia | Chest X Ray, Upper gastrointestinal endoscopy, CT scan | Laparoscopy Goretex dual mesh | Left hemi diaphragm | Small bowel, ascending and transverse colon, and spleen |
Ozpolat B, Ulus Travma Acil Cerrahi Derg. Nov; 2009 [77] | 1, M, 52 | Tube thoracostomy at the seventh left intercostal | Chest X-ray, MRI | Left standard thoracotomy, primary suture | Left hemi diaphragm | Omentum |
Altinkaya N Hernia. 2010 [78] | 12 patients mean age of 60 years, ten were female. | Morgagni hernia | CT scan | Six patients had surgery. 1 emergency surgery for hernia, 2 laparoscopic hernia repair, 3 trans-abdominal repair and 1 transthoracic repair | Right hemi diaphragm | Omentum and colon |
Syed Murfad Peer, Int J Surg. 2009 [79] | 2496 patients25 (86%) males4 (14%) females mean age 33.6 y | Trauma | Chest X-ray diagnostic in 20 (69%) patients CT scan in 4 (14%) patients. Intra-operative diagnosis of rupture diaphragm was made in 5 (17%) patients. | 29 (1.1%) underwent to surgery 20 thoracotomy (69%) 8 laparotomy (27.5%) 1 Thoracoabdominal approach (3.5%) | Right defect: 6 left defect:23 | |
Sung HY J Korean Med Sci. 2009 [80] | 1, F, 49 | Congenital hernia | Chest radiography | Thoracotomy | Left hemi diaphragm | Stomach, spleen, splenic flexure of the colon bowel loops |
Ouazzani A Acta Chir Belg. 2009 [81] | 1, M, 24 | Trauma | Chest X-ray computed tomography | Laparoscopically, with mesh | Left diaphragm | Stomach |
Kavanagh D Acta Chir Belg. 2008 [82] | 1, M, 76 | Bochdalek hernia | Chest radiograph and computed tomogram | Laparotomy, primary repair | Right diaphragm | Strangulation of a portion of transverse colon |
Yeh-Huang Hung; J Chin Med Assoc. 2008 [83] | 1, M, 74 1, F, 75 | Bochdalek hernia Bochdalek hernias | Chest X-ray CT scan MRI | Laparotomy Transthoracic repair | Left diaphragm Right diaphragm | Intestinal obstruction Small and large bowels |
Sano A Surg Today. 2008 [16] | 1, F, 25 | Diaphragm hernia during pregnancy | Chest radiograph and computed tomography | Emergency caesarean section sutures and a Gore-Tex sheet | Left diaphragm | Bowel loop |
Gourgiotis S, Turkish Journal of Trauma & Emergency Surgery 2008 [84] | 1, M, 25 | Trauma | Chest X-ray CT scan | Laparoscopic primary repair | Left diaphragm | |
Walchalk LR, J Emerg Med. 2010 [85] | 1, F, 57 | Trauma | ||||
Mohammadhosseini B, J Coll Physicians Surg Pak. 2008 [86] | 1, M | Bochdalek hernia | ||||
Boyce S, Obes Surg. 2008 [87] | Diaphragmatic hernia post surgery | CT of the chest and abdomen | Laparotomy an repair of hernia | Left diaphragmatic hernia | Ischemic small bowel | |
Tsuboi K, Surg Today. 2008 [88] | 1, M, 50 | 16 months after surgery | Computed tomography of the chest | Laparotomy | Left diaphragmatic hernia | Stomach had herniated into the thoracic cavity |
Vogelaar Obes Surg. 2008 [89] | 1, F, 37 | Six months after gastric banding | Chest X-ray computed tomography scan | Laparotomy | Left diaphragm | Intra thoracic stomach distended, rotated, and perforated at the orifice of the hernia |
Young-Shun Wu; Am J Emerg Med. 2008 [90] | History of left-sided upper abdominal blunt injury 2 months before | CT scan | Thoracotomy and primary repair | Left traumatic diaphragm rupture | ||
Igai H, Y Gen Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2007 [91] | 1, M, 48 | Trauma | Chest X-ray, CT scan | Right diaphragm rupture | Hepatothorax | |
Rifki Jai S Arch Gynecol Obstet. 2007 [92] | 1, F, 27 | 32-week gestation no history of trauma | Chest X-ray CT scan | Emergency laparotomy | Left hemi diaphragm. | Stomach, transverse colon and greater omentum herniated in the left hemithorax |
Rout S Hernia. 2007 [93] | 1, F, 35 | Bochdalek hernias | Chest X-ray CT scan | Emergency laparotomy defect was repaired using non-absorbable sutures | Right-sided Bochdalek hernia | Colon |
Campbell AS Hernia. 2007 [94] | 1, M, 85 | Chest X-ray CT scan | Emergency laparotomy identified a massive diaphragmatic defect which was not amenable to primary closure. A colopexy procedure was performed | Left hemi diaphragm. | Diaphragmatic herniation of bowel | |
Testini M Surg Today. 2006 [10] | 1, M, 51 | Left splenopancreatectomy 4 years earlier | Chest X-ray, CT scan, MRI | Left thoracotomy | Left hemi diaphragm | Stomach |
Luu TD, Ann Thorac Surg 2006 [95] | 1, F, 34 | 33 weeks’ gestation | Chest roentgenogram, CT scan, barium study Esophagoscopy | the patient went into preterm labour and had a spontaneous vaginal delivery of a healthy new-born at 34 weeks’ gestation. left thoracotomy | Left hemi diaphragm | Necrotic stomach |
Iso Y., Hernia 2006 [96] | 1, F, 81 | Morgagni’s hernia | Chest X-ray | The diaphragm defect was sutured first, and partial resection of the transverse colon | Right thorax | transverse colon |
Eglinton T, ANZ J Surg. 2006 Jul [97] | 3 cases | During third trimester of pregnancy | Chest X-ray | Laparotomy and thoracotomy in one case. Delivery was by Caesarean section at the time of emergency surgery | ||
Barbetakis N, World J Gastroenter ol. 2006 Apr 21 [98] | 1, F, 31 | Bochdalek hernias during pregnancy (23-week gestation) | Chest X-ray, chest ultrasound | Left thoraco- abdominal incision, segmental resection of the involved portion of large bowel. The diaphragmatic defect was repaired with interrupted sutures | Left hemi thorax | Strangulated Right and transverse colon, necrotic the greater omentum and stomach |
Barret J, J Emerg Med. 2006 [99] | 1,M, 50 | Trauma | Electrocardiogram and CT scan | Left hemi thorax and pericardium | ||
Abboud B, J Med Liban. 2004 [100] | 1 M | Trauma | Chest X-ray, exploratory laparotomy | Laparotomy, colectomy resection of ileum with anastomosis | left hemi thorax | Transverse colon and a proximal small bowel |
Hsu YP, Hepatogastroenterology. 2005 [101] | 78 patients | Trauma | Chest roentgenogram | Only 20% of elderly patients were operated on within 24 h of trauma, 87% of young patients | ||
P Ransom Emerg Med J 2005 [102] | 1, M, 21 | Trauma | Chest radiograph, ultrasound, oesophago-gastro- duodenoscopy | Thoracotomy | Left diaphragm | Stomach and a loop of colon had herniated through a 6 cm defect |
Tiberio GA Acta Chir Belg. 2005 Feb [103] | 33 p | Blunt (22 patients) or penetrating injury | Chest X-ray, CT scan | Laparotomy | ||
Barakat MJ, BMC Surg. 2005 [19] | 1, F, 43 | CDH in Marfan’s syndrome | Chest X-ray, CT scan | Laparoscopy | Right hemi diaphragm | Perforated gangrenous appendix |
Gupta V Eur J Emerg Med. 2005 [104] | 1, M, 43 | Spontaneous rupture | CT scan | Left hemi diaphragm | ||
Kara E Ann Acad Med Singapore 2004 [105] | 1, M, 28 | Trauma | Chest X-ray, CT scan | Left thoracotomy | Left hemi diaphragm | Gastric fundus |
Sirbu H Hernia. 2005 [106] | 1, M, 67 | Trauma | CT scan | Laparotomy and right thoracotomy | Delayed bilateral diaphragmatic ruptures | |
Dalton AM Emerg Med J. 2004 [107] | 1, M, 43 | Bochdalek hernia | Chest radiograph | Thoracotomy | Left hemi thorax | Stomach, transverse colon, and spleen in to the chest. |
Niwa T Respiration. 2003 [108] | 1, F, 53 | Bochdalek hernia | Chest X-ray | Thoracotomy | Left hemithorax | Stomach and greater omentum |
Genc MR, Obstet Ginecol 2003 [109] | 1, M, 29 | Bochdalek hernia during pregnancy | Chest X-ray, CT scan | Antepartum repair | Left hemithorax | Bowel obruction |
Sato M, Jpn J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 2002 [110] | 1, M, 57 | Traffic accident | Chest X-ray, CT scan, MRI | Toracoscopy | Right hemidiaphragm | Liver |
Guven H, Acta CHir Belg 2002 [111] | 2 cases | Morgagni hernia | Bowel perforation Upper gastrointestinal bleeding | |||
Kanazawa A, Surg Today 2002 [112] | 1 F 63 y | Bochdalek hernia | Chest X-ray, CT scan, | Thoraco-Laparotomy Primary suture | Right hemidiaphragm | Colon and right kidney |
Fisichella PM, Ann Ital CHIR 2001 [113] | 1 F 55 y | Bochdalek hernia | Computed tomography | Thoracotomy and laparotomy | Right hemidiaphragm | Liver intestinal maloration |
Bergeron E, J Trauma 2002 [15] | 160 cases | Trauma | ||||
Carreno G, Surg Endosc 2001 [114] | 1, M, 52 | Bochdalek hernia | CT scan | Laparoscopic approach | Left hemi thorax | Colon and volvulated stomach |
Prieto Nieto I, Acta chir Belg 2001 [115] | 1, M, 36 | 8 months after trauma | CT scan | Laparotomy, repair of defect, gastric perforation were closed | Left hemi diaphragm | Gastric incarceration and perforation |
Nursal TZ, Hernia 2001 [116] | 26 cases | Trauma | Chest X-ray, CT scan, | 92% Primary repair | 92% left hemi diaphragm | 31.8% stomach 27,2 colon |
Bujanda L, J Clin Gastroenterol 2001 [117] | 1 | Bochdalek hernia | Left hemi diaphragm | Gastric volvulus | ||
Pross M, J Laparoendosc Adv Surg Tech A 2000 [118] | 1, M, 20 | Trauma | Diagnostic laparoscopy | Laparoscopy primary repair | Left hemi diaphragm | Stomach |
Saito Y, Surg Today 2000 [119] | 1, M, 51 | 3 years after pleuropneumectomy for mesotelioma | Laparotomy | Left hemi thorax | Ulcer of stomach, which was displaced into the thorax, had perforated aorta | |
De Waele JJ, J Accid Emerg Med 1999 [120] | 1, M, 45 | Trauma | Chest X-ray, Chest tube; ultrasound, | Laparotomy, resection of spleen | Left hemi thorax | Spleen completely disrupted |
Colliver C, J Trauma 1997 [121] | 1, M, 80 | Trauma | Echocardiograph, ultrasonography | Left hemi diaphragm | Stomach Intrapericardial hernia | |
Zantut LF, Rev Paul Med 1993 [122] | 1, M, 33 | Trauma | Chest X-Ray, liver scintigraphy, CT scan, MRI, diagnostic laparoscopy | Laparoscopy | Bilateral diaphragmatic rupture | |
Allen MS, J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 1993 [123] | 147 cases 5 emergency setting | Chest X-ray CT scan | Left hemi diaphragm | Stomach | ||
Girzadas DV Jr Ann Emerg Med. 1991 [124] | 1, F, 71 | Trauma | Chest radiograph | Pericardial sac | Omentum and transverse colon | |
Thomas S Jpn J Surg. 1991 [125] | 2 cases | Bochdalek hernia | X-ray of the chest and contrast studies of the gastrointestinal tract | Laparotomy | Left hemi diaphragm | Intestinal obstruction |
Bush CA, South Med J 1990 [126] | 2 cases | Trauma | Chest X-ray, barium studies of the gastrointestinal tract, CT scans, ultrasonography, laparoscopy, and radionuclide scanning | Laparoscopy | Left hemi diaphragm | Intestinal obstruction |
Feliciano DV, J Trauma 1988 [127] | 16 cases | Penetrating trauma | Chest X-ray | Laparotomy | ||
Chidamdaram M Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1988 [128] | 1, M, 32 | Trauma | Chest X-ray | Thoracotomy | Left hemi diaphragm | Stomach |
Symbas PN, Ann Thorac Surg 1986 [129] | 194 cases | Trauma | Chest X-ray, barium studies exploratory laparotomy | Laparotomy Primary repair In a case Prolene mesh | ||
Saber WL, J Emerg Med 1986 [130] | 111 cases 8 emergency surgery | Trauma | Chest X-ray | 7 left 1 right hemi diaphragm | ||
Gardezi SA, J Pak Med Assoc 1986 [131] | 2 cases 1, M, 43 | Bochdalek hernia | Chest X-ray | Laparotomy | Left hemi diaphragm | Transverse colon and splenic flexure |
1 M 26 y | CDH | Chest X-ray | Laparotomy | Left hemi diaphragm | Greater curvature of stomach, a small part of jejunum, left part of transverse colon and greater omentum | |
Brown GL, Ann Thorac Surg 1985 [132] | 41 cases | Trauma | Chest X-ray | 23 laparotomy, 13 thoracotomy, 5 combined | 29 Left, 14 Right-sided, hemi diaphragm. | |
Clark DE, Surgery 1983 [133] | 10 cases median age 40 | Trauma | Chest X-ray | Left hemi diaphragm |