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Table 5 Clavien-Dindo grading

From: The use of laparoscopy in managing penetrating thoracoabdominal injuries in Africa: 83 cases reviewed

Grades

Definition

Management

I

Abscess—port-side

Opened at bedside

III-b

Anastomotic leak

Laparotomy and diverting stoma

III-b

Clotted haemothorax × 4

VATS × 4

V

Clotted haemothorax

Thoracotomy and decortication, died from anaesthetic complications