A combination of SOFA score and biomarkers gives a better prediction of septic AKI and in-hospital mortality in critically ill surgical patients: a pilot study

Lee, Chao-Wei; Kou, Hao-wei; Chou, Hong-Shiue; Chou, Hsu-huan; Huang, Song-Fong; Chang, Chih-Hsiang; Wu, Chun-Hsing; Yu, Ming-Chin; Tsai, Hsin-I

doi:10.1186/s13017-018-0202-5

World Journal of Emergency Surgery

Table 3 Analysis of various biomarkers and clinical parameters in surgical ICU regarding sepsis, septic AKI, and in-hospital mortality

From: A combination of SOFA score and biomarkers gives a better prediction of septic AKI and in-hospital mortality in critically ill surgical patients: a pilot study

Variables	Sepsis			Septic AKI			In-hospital mortality
Variables	Yes^a	No^a	P value	Yes^a	No^a	P value	Yes^a	No^a	P value
Serum
NGAL (ng/mL)	428.1 ± 29.1	204.7 ± 34.2	< 0.001	447.5 ± 35.7	256.5 ± 31.8	0.001	428.2 ± 32.3	300.4 ± 44.3	0.029
Calprotectin (pg/mL)	809.7 ± 251.2	353.3 ± 315.6	0.302	1030.3 ± 298.6	248.1 ± 210.7	0.049	1013.8 ± 354.8	373.9 ± 193.1	0.113
KIM-1 (pg/mL)	694.9 ± 398.8	142.9 ± 289.1	0.392	1150.5 ± 448.5	275.5 ± 135.1	0.081	838.1 ± 500.2	256.8 ± 329.9	0.329
Cystatin C (ng/ml)	1223.1 ± 186.8	640.5 ± 120.9	0.016	1290.4 ± 222.3	756.3 ± 138.9	0.062	1312.8 ± 260.4	813.3 ± 124.4	0.076
GDF-15 (ng/mL)	8.8 ± 2.7	9.5 ± 2.8	0.330	6.7 ± 2.7	10.8 ± 2.7	0.121	6.2 ± 1.9	11.5 ± 3.1	0.322
Urine
NGAL (ng/mL)	393.2 ± 33.4	167.0 ± 41.9	< 0.001	434.2 ± 31.5	208.3 ± 39.5	< 0.001	422.3 ± 33.7	230.8 ± 42.2	0.001
Calprotectin (pg/mL)	933.4 ± 346.6	690.3 ± 367.5	0.462	825.1 ± 415.2	878.1 ± 328.8	0.102	646.2 ± 340.3	1024.2 ± 384.8	0.190
KIM-1 (pg/mL)	7149.0 ± 1491.0	9649.2 ± 2975.0	0.510	7377.5 ± 1970.0	8551.7 ± 2014.0	0.488	8765.3 ± 1949.0	7329.9 ± 2006.0	0.616
Cystatin C (ng/mL)	315.4 ± 89.9	79.5 ± 11.1	0.046	386.1 ± 121.5	100.4 ± 14.8	0.035	324.5 ± 115.6	154.7 ± 53.4	0.628
GDF-15 (ng/mL)	25.1 ± 3.2	34.0 ± 3.6	0.095	26.2 ± 3.6	29.8 ± 3.7	0.487	29.4 ± 3.8	26.9 ± 3.5	0.642
SOFA score	9.5 ± 1.1	4.6 ± 0.6	0.001	11.5 ± 1.2	4.4 ± 0.5	< 0.001	10.6 ± 1.4	5.6 ± 0.8	0.003
APACHE II score	20.0 ± 1.8	12.1 ± 0.9	0.001	22.0 ± 2.3	13.0 ± 0.8	0.001	22.0 ± 2.4	13.5 ± 0.9	0.004
Albumin (g/dL)	2.6 ± 0.1	3.0 ± 0.1	0.025	2.5 ± 0.1	3.0 ± 0.1	0.007	2.4 ± 0.1	3.0 ± 0.1	0.003
Creatinine (mg/dL)	1.8 ± 0.4	0.7 ± 0.1	0.004	2.2 ± 0.6	0.7 ± 0.1	< 0.001	2.1 ± 0.6	0.9 ± 0.1	0.027
Procalcitonin (ng/mL)^b	28.8 ± 10.9	0.2	0.095	35.9 ± 14.2	6.2 ± 3.1	0.205	29.6 ± 13.2	25.1 ± 17.3	0.512
Lactate (mg/dL)^b	40.4 ± 9.2	N.A.	N.A.	47.7 ± 11.9	19.8 ± 3.8	0.190	49.9 ± 15.4	27.3 ± 3.6	0.180
CRP (mg/L)^b	142.1 ± 20.4	40.9 ± 12.9	< 0.001	163.9 ± 24.7	64.4 ± 15.8	0.008	132.6 ± 24.2	113.3 ± 28.8	0.610
Age (year)	63.1 ± 3.4	72.8 ± 2.8	0.072	64.1 ± 3.9	68.5 ± 3.4	0.397	63.9 ± 4.2	68.3 ± 3.2	0.400
BMI (kg/m²)	23.0 ± 0.7	24.7 ± 1.1	0.228	23.0 ± 0.9	24.2 ± 0.8	0.350	22.3 ± 0.9	24.6 ± 0.8	0.066

AKI acute kidney injury, NGAL neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin, GDF-15 growth differentiation factor 15, KIM-1 kidney injury molecule-1, SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment, APACHE Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation, BMI body mass index, N.A. not applicable
^aExpressed as mean ± standard error of mean (SEM)
^bNot routinely checked in patients without sepsis

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