Table 1 Comparison of demographic and clinical data by initial closure technique
From: Impact of initial temporary abdominal closure in damage control surgery: a retrospective analysis
|  | Overall (n = 239) | Skin Only (n = 138) | ABThera System (n = 36) | Bogotá Bag (n = 60) | Barker’s vacuum packing (n = 5) | p value |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Demographics | ||||||
Age (years) | 38.12 ± 14.70 | 37.85 ± 14.44 | 41.75 ± 15.62 | 36.26 ± 13.94 | 41.71 ± 22.95 | 0.32 |
Gender (%) | ||||||
 Male | 196 (82.0) | 107 (77.5) | 33 (91.7) | 51 (85.0) | 5 (100) | 0.13 |
 Female | 43 (18.0) | 31 (22.5) | 3 (8.3) | 9 (15.0) | 0 (0) |  |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 29.73 ± 6.72 | 29.69 ± 6.71 | 30.20 ± 6.47 | 29.00 ± 6.65 | 35.86 ± 8.04 | 0.17 |
Mechanism of injury (%) | ||||||
 Blunt | 107 (44.8) | 59 (42.8) | 19 (52.8) | 29 (48.3) | 0 (0) | 0.14 |
 Penetrating | 132 (55.2) | 79 (57.2) | 17 (47.2) | 31 (51.7) | 5 (100) |  |
Ethnicity (%) | ||||||
 Caucasian | 111 (46.4) | 65 (47.1) | 16 (44.4) | 28 (46.7) | 2 (40.0) | 0.72 |
 African American | 121 (50.6) | 70 (50.7) | 18 (50.0) | 30 (50.0) | 3 (60.0) |  |
 Latin American | 6 (2.5) | 3 (2.2) | 1 (2.8) | 2 (3.3) | 0 (0) |  |
 Asian American | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 1 (2.8) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) |  |
Injury | ||||||
 Injury Pattern (%) | ||||||
  Major vascular | 29 (12.1) | 10 (7.2) | 7 (19.4) | 12 (20.0) | 0 (0) | 0.09 |
  Pelvic | 21 (8.8) | 9 (6.5) | 7 (19.4) | 5 (8.3) | 0 (0) | 0.09 |
  Splenic | 71 (29.7) | 35 (25.4) | 14 (38.9) | 20 (33.3) | 2 (40.0) | 0.34 |
  Hepatic | 72 (30.1) | 42 (30.4) | 10 (27.8) | 18 (30.0) | 2 (40.0) | 0.95 |
  Renal | 12 (5.0) | 6 (4.3) | 2 (5.6) | 4 (6.7) | 0 (0) | 0.86 |
  Pancreatic | 21 (8.8) | 6 (4.3) | 6 (16.7) | 7 (11.7) | 2 (40.0) | 0.005 |
  Gastric | 28 (11.7) | 15 (10.9) | 5 (13.9) | 6 (10.0) | 2 (40.0) | 0.23 |
  Small bowel | 88 (36.8) | 48 (34.8) | 13 (36.1) | 25 (41.7) | 2 (40.0) | 0.83 |
  Colorectal | 91 (38.1) | 52 (37.7) | 15 (41.7) | 22 (36.7) | 2 (40.0) | 0.97 |
Clinical | ||||||
 Injury Severity Score | 25.68 ± 13.77 | 25.14 ± 14.20 | 29.53 ± 14.37 | 24.83 ± 12.42 | 22.80 ± 10.99 | 0.33 |
 Admission lactate (mMol/L) | 5.66 ± 3.887 | 4.79 ± 2.95 | 6.18 ± 3.49 | 7.27 ± 5.31 | 6.58 ± 3.26 | < 0.001 |
 Admission  base excess (mMol/L) | −8.18 ± 5.69 | −6.89 ± 4.95 | −9.78 ± 5.46 | −9.92 ± 6.65 | −12.04 ± 5.76 | < 0.001 |
 Massive transfusion (%) | 82 (34.3) | 27 (19.6) | 21 (58.3) | 33 (55.0) | 1 (20.0) | < 0.001 |
 Units PRBC transfused first 24 h | 9.27 ± 11.01 | 5.35 ± 4.98 | 13.78 ± 13.30 | 15.53 ± 15.35 | 9.80 ± 5.85 | < 0.001 |
 Units total blood products transfused first 24 h | 19.49 ± 22.29 | 11.67 ± 11.44 | 29.17 ± 29.97 | 31.38 ± 28.48 | 22.80 ± 12.95 | < 0.001 |