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Table 3 Pooled risk of complications associated with selective nonoperative management of abdominal gunshot wounds

From: Outcomes of selective nonoperative management of civilian abdominal gunshot wounds: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Complications

No. of studies

No. of patients

Pooled risk, % (95% CI)

I2 statistic, %

p value for the test of homogeneity

Pneumonia

7

20

1.4 (0.1–2.7)

61.7

0.02

Atelectasis

2

7

21.2 (7.0–35.4)

0

0.36

ARDS

5

8

1.0 (0–2.6)

43.8

0.13

Sepsis

4

6

0.3 (0–1.0)

36.2

0.20

Any intra-thoracic complication*

5

25

11.6 (3.5–19.7)

79.0

0.001

Any intra-abdominal collection†

7

16

0.8 (0.3–1.2)

0

0.49

Hematuria

2

3

1.5 (0.5–2.5)

98.8

0.003

Biliary fistula

3

8

3.5 (0–8.0)

99.5

< 0.001

Gunshot wound infection

2

3

6.0 (3.1–8.9)

0

0.71

Deep venous thrombosis

2

2

0.5 (0–1.4)

0

0.40

Ileus

4

4

0.2 (0–0.4)

0

0.43

Abdominal compartment syndrome

1

1

6.0 (0.2–30)

NA

NA

Necrotizing fasciitis

1

1

3.0 (0.1–16.0)

NA

NA

  1. ARDS acute respiratory distress syndrome
  2. *Intra-thoracic complications included pneumothorax, hemothorax, empyema, and pleural effusion(s)
  3. †Intra-abdominal collection included abscess, hematoma, urinoma, or biloma