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Table 1 PICO (Patients, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome) worksheet

From: Transcatheter arterial embolization versus surgery for refractory non-variceal upper gastrointestinal bleeding: a meta-analysis

Population

Adult patients with refractory NVUGIB (defined as failure of endoscopic hemostasis or rebleeding after successful endoscopic hemostasis)

Intervention

Transcatheter angioembolization (TAE)

Comparison

Direct comparison of TAE and surgery; report of at list one of the considered outcomes. If multiple trials or studies were published by the same center, only the most complete one was included. Studies regarding transpapillary bleeding were excluded

Outcome

All-cause mortality with no time limit; rebleeding or continued bleeding; complications, both procedure-related and not procedure-related; need for further intervention for any reason