Table 3 Univariate analysis of risk factors for OM at the arrival of patient at the ED

Age < 55 years

42.3%

57.7%

n.s.

Age > 55 years

50.0%

50.0%

Age (years)

50.54 ± 18.17

49.87 ± 18.73

n.s.

49.35 (18.00–91.00)

48.00 (17.00–85.60)

No anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs

48.8%

51.2%

n.s.

Anticoagulant/antiplatelet drugs

40.0%

60.0%

HR (mean ± SD)

85.95 ± 18.66

95.24 ± 21.07

0.009

Median (range) (bpm)

80.00 (48.00–133.00)

95.00 (55.00–145.00)

HR < 120 bpm

58.7%

41.3%

n.s.

HR > 120 bpm

46.8%

53.2%

SBP(mmHg)

120.40 ± 21.35

106.51 ± 26.92

0.002

120.00 (70.00–170.00)

105.00 (53.00–167.00)

SBP > 90 mmHg

60.4%

39.6%

0.001

SBP < 90 mmHg

21.7%

78.3%

Shock index < 1

60.2%

39.8%

0.002

Shock index > 1

26.9%

73.1%

AAST 1

100.0%

0.0%

< 0.001

AAST 2

81.3%

18.7%

AAST 3

44.1%

55.9%

AAST 4

26.7%

73.3%

AAST 5

0.0%

100.0%

AAST ≤ 3

66.7%

33.3%

< 0.001

AAST > 3

22.9%

77.1%

WSES I

86.4%

13.6%

< 0.001

WSES II

44.4%

55.6%

WSES III

44.4%

55.6%

WSES IV

20.0%

80.0%

WSES I-II-III

63.8%

36.2%

< 0.001

WSES IV

20.0%

80.0%

ISS

24.38 ± 12.68

32.05 ± 12.27

< 0.001

22.00 (5.00–75.00)

29.00 (9.00–66.00)

ISS < 25

72.0%

28.0%

0.001

ISS > 25

40.9%

59.1%

Lac

3.01 ± 1.90

3.51 ± 1.85

n.s.

2.66 (0.80–9.24)

3.08 (1.30–8.00)

BE (mmol/L)

− 3.34 ± 3.82

− 3.06 ± 2.88

n.s.

− 2.80 (− 14.50–2.10)

− 2.90 (− 9.50–1.80)

pH

7.32 ± 0.07

7.28 ± 0.16

n.s.

7.34 (7.13–7.43)

7.29 (6.80–7.47)

Hb (g/dL)

13.31 ± 2.33

11.39 ± 2.63

< 0.001

13.60 (5.60–16.80)

11.70 (3.30–16.40)

Hb > 12 g/dL

66.7%

33.3%

0.001

Hb ≤ 12 g/dL

37.9%

62.1%

BE > − 5 mmol/L

57.7%

42.3%

n.s.

BE < − 5 mmol/L

66.7%

33.3%

Brain injuries

41.7%

58.3%

n.s.

No brain injuries

56.0%

44.0%

Associated abdominal lesions

44.8%

55.2%

n.s.

No associated abdominal lesions

60.6%

39.4%

Trauma mechanism of injury

n.s.

 -Invested pedestrian

72.7%

27.3%

 -Car

44.7%

55.3%

 -Motorbike

56.4%

43.6%

 -Bike

60.0%

40.0%

 -Precipitation

52.9%

47.1%

 -Others

50.0%

50.0%

Contrast blush

42.4%

57.6%

0.010

No contrast blush

68.9%

31.1%

Pseudoaneurysm

50.0%

50.0%

n.s.

No pseudoaneurysm

61.4%

38.6%

Hemoperitoneum at TC

54.4%

45.6%

n.s.

 - > 1

42.0%

58.0%

< 0.001

 - ≤ 1

69.4%

30.6%

INR (s)

1.12 ± 0.15

1.69 ± 1.11

0.001

1.15 (0.66–1.38)

1.23 (1.04–5.05)

INR > 1.5 s

23.5%

76.5%

0.014

INR < 1.5 s

55.7%

44.3%

Fibrinogen (mg/dL)

215.52 ± 53.98

168.23 ± 67.51

0.020

205.00 (156.0–491.00)

173.00 (26.00–260.00)

Fibrinogen ≤ 200 mg/dL

38.1%

61.9%

0.031

Fibrinogen > 200 mg/dL

60.4%

39.6%

PLT/mm³

217.38 ± 49.76

198.29 ± 83.93

n.s.

220.00 (137.00–315.00)

190.00 (156.00–401.00)

Positive eco-fast

33.9%

66.1%

< 0.001

Negative eco-fast

72.7%

27.3%

RBC transfusion at the ED

34.6%

65.4%

0.032

No RBC transfusion at the ED

58.2%

41.8%