Table 1 Baseline demographics, perioperative characteristics and unplanned readmission rates of frail vs non-frail patients (by Modified Fried’s Frailty Criteria)
Characteristic | All (n = 109) | Frail (n = 28) | Non-frail (n = 81) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Median age (IQR), years | 74 (69–78) | 71 (68–77) | 74 (69–79) | 0.45 |
Male gender, n (%) | 58 (53.2) | 15 (53.6) | 43 (53.1) | 0.97 |
Ethnicity, n (%) | ||||
Chinese | 96 (88.1) | 24 (85.7) | 72 (88.9) | 0.12 |
Malay | 8 (7.3) | 4 (14.3) | 4 (4.9) | |
Indian | 5 (4.6) | 0 (0.0) | 5 (6.2) | |
Others | ||||
Baseline CCI, n (%) | ||||
CCI ≤ 1 | 52 (47.7) | 8 (28.6) | 44 (54.3) | 0.02 |
CCI > 1 | 57 (52.3) | 20 (71.4) | 37 (45.7) | |
Baseline MUST score, n (%) | ||||
MUST ≤ 1 | 43 (39.4) | 7 (25.0) | 36 (44.4) | 0.07 |
MUST > 1 | 66 (60.6) | 21 (75.0) | 45 (55.6) | |
Baseline cognitive impairment (MMSE score < 24) | 35 (32.1) | 12 (42.9) | 23 (28.4) | 0.16 |
Baseline functionally independent, n (%) | 101 (92.7) | 22 (78.6) | 79 (97.5) | 0.003 |
Diagnosis, n (%) | ||||
Appendicitis | 18 (16.5) | 1 (3.6) | 17 (21.0) | 0.39 |
Cholecystitis | 20 (18.3) | 5 (17.9) | 15 (18.5) | |
Perforated viscus | 16 (14.7) | 5 (17.9) | 11 (13.6) | |
Small bowel obstruction | 22 (20.2) | 8 (28.6) | 14 (17.3) | |
Large bowel obstruction | 10 (9.2) | 2 (7.1) | 8 (9.9) | |
Ischemic bowel | 7 (6.4) | 3 (10.7) | 4 (4.9) | |
Complicated herniae | 14 (12.8) | 4 (14.3) | 10 (12.3) | |
Others | 2 (1.8) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (2.5) | |
Laparotomy, n (%) | 68 (62.4) | 20 (71.4) | 48 (59.3) | 0.25 |
Postoperative morbidity, n (%) | 38 (34.9) | 17 (60.7) | 21 (25.9) | 0.001 |
Major postoperative morbidity (Clavien Dindo score ≥ 3), n (%) | 7 (6.4) | 3 (10.7) | 4 (4.9) | 0.37 |
Postoperative intensive care unit admission, n (%) | 17 (15.6) | 7 (25.0) | 10 (12.3) | 0.11 |
Reoperation, n (%) | 7 (6.4) | 1 (3.6) | 6 (7.4) | 0.68 |
Median length of stay (IQR), days | 12 (8-19) | 17 (11-25) | 10 (7-17) | 0.005 |
30-day unplanned readmission | 29 (26.6) | 11 (39.3) | 18 (22.2) | 0.08 |
1-year unplanned readmission | 49 (45.0) | 18 (64.3) | 31 (38.3) | 0.02 |