Table 4 Bivariate analyses of severe bleeding

Subjects

170

1014

Age, years (range)

77 (84–64)

59 (73–33)

<0.001

Gender, male

84 (49.4)

588 (58.0)

0.037

Antithrombotic drugs

33 (19.4)

130 (12.8)

0.030

 Antiplatelet drugs

23 (13.5)

105 (10.4)

0.230

 Anticoagulant drugs

14 (8.2)

28 (2.8)

0.001

Dual antithrombotic drugs

4 (2.4)

22 (2.2)

0.781

Type of surgery

 Gastrectomy

9 (5.3)

3 (0.3)

< 0.001

 Patch repair duodenal ulcer

7 (4.1)

54 (5.3)

0.707

 Intestinal surgery

43 (25.3)

285 (28.1)

0.461

 Colorectal surgery

67 (39.4)

104 (10.3)

< 0.001

 Stoma formation

30 (17.6)

73 (7.2)

< 0.001

 Appendectomy

7 (4.1)

453 (44.7)

<0.001

 Cholecystectomy

7 (4.1)

40 (3.9)

0.834

Surgical approach

<0.001

 Laparotomy

164 (96.5)

591 (58.3)

 Laparoscopy

6 (3.5)

423 (41.7)

Comorbidities

 Diabetes mellitus

36 (21.2)

94 (9.3.6)

<0.001

 Renal failure

20 (11.8)

30 (3.0)

<0.001

 Liver cirrhosis

11 (6.5)

15 (1.5)

<0.001

 Coronary artery disease

10 (5.9)

55 (5.4)

0.855

 Atrial fibrillation

20 (11.8)

36 (3.6)

<0.001

 Cerebrovascular disease

14 (8.2)

43 (4.2)

0.032

 Deep vein thrombosis

7 (4.1)

18 (1.8)

0.075

 Hypertension

97 (57.1)

280 (27.6)

<0.001

 Malignancy

79 (46.5)

192 (18.9)

<0.001

Blood transfusion

Red Blood Cell

159 (93.5)

0 (0.0)

<0.001

 Amount (units)

4 (2–6)

0 (0–0)

<0.001

Fresh frozen plasma

81 (47.6)

24 (2.4)

<0.001

 Amount (units)

0 (10–0)

0 (0–0)

<0.001

Platelet

27 (15.9)

4 (0.4)

<0.001

 Amount (units)

0 (0–0)

0 (0–0)

<0.001

Bleeding events

21 (12.4)

12 (1.2)

<0.001

Thrombotic events

9 (5.3)

16 (1.6)

0.006

Mortality

36 (21.2)

14 (1.4)

<0.001

Operative time (min)

136 (183–100)

86 (121–63)

<0.001

Length of stay (days)

31 (53–17)

10 (18–5)

<0.001

Other complications

 Surgical site infection

57 (33.5)

108 (10.7)

<0.001

 Abscess

50 (29.4)

81 (8.0)

<0.001

 Pneumonia

35 (20.6)

28 (2.8)

<0.001