Table 3 Multivariable logistic regression analysis for in-hospital mortality
| Â | Adjusted odds ratio (95% CI) | P value |
|---|---|---|
Exposure groups | ||
 (i) CKD(-)AKI(-) | 1 (reference) |  |
 (ii) CKD(-)AKI(+) | 2.54 (1.90–3.40) | < 0.001 |
 (iii) CKD(+)AKI(-) | 1.29 (0.90–1.85) | 0.166 |
 (iv) CKD(+)AKI(+) | 2.86 (1.54–5.32) | 0.001 |
 (v) ESRD | 2.76 (1.55–4.93) | 0.001 |
Covariates | ||
 Age (per 1 year) | 1.03 (1.02–1.05) | < 0.001 |
 Sex (men vs. women) | 1.39 (1.00–1.93) | 0.051 |
 Type of surgery |  |  |
  Surgery for acute pan-peritonitis | 1 (reference) |  |
  Colectomy | 1.67 (1.14–2.45) | 0.009 |
  Colostomy | 2.40 (1.38–4.17) | 0.002 |
  Rectal resection | 1.68 (0.98–2.87) | 0.057 |
 Use of laparoscopy (yes vs. no) | 0.22 (0.07–0.71) | 0.012 |
 Indication for surgery |  |  |
   Peritonitis or perforation | 2.69 (0.55–13.13) | 0.220 |
   Obstruction | 4.06 (0.93–17.80) | 0.063 |
   Bleeding or diverticulosis | 1 (reference) |  |
   Others | 2.40 (0.51–11.23) | 0.266 |
 Presence of colorectal cancer (yes vs. no) | 0.92 (0.62–1.35) | 0.671 |
 Body mass index (per 1 kg/m2) | 0.94 (0.91–0.98) | 0.001 |
 Comorbidities (yes vs. no) |  |  |
  Diabetes | 1.24 (0.96–1.61) | 0.095 |
  Heart failure | 1.66 (0.85–3.24) | 0.135 |
  Chronic pulmonary disease | 1.14 (0.59–2.21) | 0.699 |
  Chronic liver disease | 1.31 (0.71–2.40) | 0.383 |
  Cancer (except for colorectal cancer) | 1.81 (1.32–2.46) | < 0.001 |
 Blood test results at admission |  |  |
  White blood cell count (per 1000/μl) | 1.01 (0.98–1.04) | 0.478 |
  Hemoglobin (per 1 g/dl) | 0.90 (0.85–0.95) | < 0.001 |
  Platelet count (per 10,000/μl) | 0.98 (0.96–0.99) | 0.020 |
  Total protein (per 1 g/dl) | 0.88 (0.80–0.96) | 0.005 |
  Total bilirubin (per 1 mg/dl) | 0.95 (0.74–1.23) | 0.700 |
  C-reactive protein (per 1 mg/dl) | 1.00 (0.99–1.01) | 0.588 |