Table 1 Patient characteristics of patients with blunt renal trauma and temporal trends from 2004 to 2018
From: Trends and outcomes of blunt renal trauma management: a nationwide cohort study in Japan
Characteristics | Total | 2004–2006 | 2007–2009 | 2010–2012 | 2013–2015 | 2016–2018 | P for trend | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n = 3550 | n = 189 | n = 451 | n = 819 | n = 1111 | n = 980 | ||||||||
Age, median, Q1–Q3 | 43 | 23–65 | 29 | 20–52 | 37 | 21–60 | 42 | 23–64 | 44 | 24–66 | 48 | 25–69 | 0.002 |
Age group, n (%) | |||||||||||||
 < 20 years | 607 | (17.1) | 36 | (19.0) | 89 | (19.7) | 140 | (17.1) | 186 | (16.7) | 156 | (15.9) | 0.076 |
 20–64 years | 2017 | (56.8) | 128 | (67.7) | 271 | (60.1) | 479 | (58.5) | 631 | (56.8) | 508 | (51.8) | < 0.001 |
 ≥ 65 years | 926 | (26.1) | 25 | (13.2) | 91 | (20.2) | 200 | (24.4) | 294 | (26.5) | 316 | (32.2) | < 0.001 |
Male sex, n (%) | 2635 | (74.2) | 138 | (73.0) | 324 | (71.8) | 582 | (71.1) | 843 | (75.9) | 748 | (76.3) | 0.014 |
Mechanism, n (%) | |||||||||||||
 Car accident | 556 | (15.7) | 37 | (19.6) | 62 | (13.7) | 136 | (16.6) | 174 | (15.7) | 147 | (15.0) | 0.448 |
 Motorcycle accident | 797 | (22.5) | 46 | (24.3) | 129 | (28.6) | 188 | (23.0) | 244 | (22.0) | 190 | (19.4) | < 0.001 |
 Bicycle accident | 271 | (7.6) | 9 | (4.8) | 38 | (8.4) | 65 | (7.9) | 78 | (7.0) | 81 | (8.3) | 0.486 |
 Pedestrian accident | 353 | (9.9) | 22 | (11.6) | 42 | (9.3) | 82 | (10.0) | 125 | (11.3) | 82 | (8.4) | 0.337 |
 Fall from height | 616 | (17.4) | 38 | (20.1) | 71 | (15.7) | 147 | (17.9) | 195 | (17.6) | 165 | (16.8) | 0.675 |
 Fall down stairs | 323 | (9.1) | 8 | (4.2) | 25 | (5.5) | 74 | (9.0) | 102 | (9.2) | 114 | (11.6) | < 0.001 |
 Fall on the ground | 265 | (7.5) | 6 | (3.2) | 30 | (6.7) | 54 | (6.6) | 92 | (8.3) | 83 | (8.5) | 0.008 |
 Sports-related injury | 145 | (4.1) | 10 | (5.3) | 12 | (2.7) | 26 | (3.2) | 38 | (3.4) | 59 | (6.0) | 0.018 |
 Others | 224 | (6.3) | 13 | (6.9) | 42 | (9.3) | 47 | (5.7) | 63 | (5.7) | 59 | (6.0) | 0.092 |
ISS, median, Q1–Q3 | 22 | 14-34 | 22 | 16-34 | 22 | 16-34 | 22 | 15-34 | 22 | 14-34 | 22 | 14-34 | 0.072 |
Shock on arrival, n (%) | 405 | (11.4) | 27 | (14.3) | 64 | (14.2) | 102 | (12.5) | 123 | (11.1) | 89 | (9.1) | < 0.001 |
AAST grade | |||||||||||||
 I | 1408 | (39.7) | 88 | (46.6) | 172 | (38.1) | 326 | (39.8) | 457 | (41.1) | 365 | (37.2) | 0.139 |
 II | 358 | (10.1) | 21 | (11.1) | 47 | (10.4) | 76 | (9.3) | 99 | (8.9) | 115 | (11.7) | 0.506 |
 III | 1039 | (29.3) | 39 | (20.6) | 122 | (27.1) | 229 | (28.0) | 336 | (30.2) | 313 | (31.9) | < 0.001 |
 IV | 596 | (16.8) | 32 | (16.9) | 83 | (18.4) | 147 | (17.9) | 182 | (16.4) | 152 | (15.5) | 0.150 |
 V | 149 | (4.2) | 9 | (4.8) | 27 | (6.0) | 41 | (5.0) | 37 | (3.3) | 35 | (3.6) | 0.021 |
Concomitant injury, n (%) | |||||||||||||
 Head/neck | 1341 | (37.8) | 88 | (46.6) | 182 | (40.4) | 313 | (38.2) | 419 | (37.7) | 339 | (34.6) | 0.001 |
 Thorax | 2298 | (64.7) | 109 | (57.7) | 280 | (62.1) | 530 | (64.7) | 726 | (65.3) | 653 | (66.6) | 0.013 |
 Pelvis/lower-extremity | 1399 | (39.4) | 93 | (49.2) | 179 | (39.7) | 329 | (40.2) | 438 | (39.4) | 360 | (36.7) | 0.008 |
Concomitant intra-abdominal organ injury, n (%) | |||||||||||||
 Liver | 972 | (27.3) | 57 | (30.2) | 130 | (28.8) | 225 | (27.5) | 314 | (28.3) | 246 | (25.1) | 0.094 |
 Spleen | 655 | (18.5) | 41 | (21.7) | 88 | (19.5) | 145 | (17.7) | 207 | (18.6) | 174 | (17.8) | 0.287 |
 Pancreas | 78 | (2.2) | 4 | (2.1) | 9 | (2.0) | 19 | (2.3) | 20 | (1.8) | 26 | (2.7) | 0.573 |
 Gastrointestinal tract | 98 | (2.8) | 5 | (2.6) | 10 | (2.2) | 25 | (3.1) | 27 | (2.4) | 31 | (3.2) | 0.532 |
Isolated traumatic renal injury, n (%) | 509 | (14.3) | 20 | (10.6) | 62 | (13.7) | 119 | (14.5) | 151 | (13.6) | 157 | (16.0) | 0.088 |
Management, n (%) | |||||||||||||
 Emergency abdominal angiography | 1,189 | (33.5) | 49 | (25.9) | 127 | (28.2) | 275 | (33.6) | 390 | (35.1) | 348 | (35.5) | < 0.001 |
 Nephrectomy | 136 | (3.8) | 10 | (5.3) | 39 | (8.6) | 36 | (4.4) | 27 | (2.4) | 24 | (2.4) | < 0.001 |
Mortality, n (%) | 337 | (9.5) | 29 | (15.3) | 56 | (12.4) | 90 | (11.0) | 90 | (8.1) | 72 | (7.3) | < 0.001 |