From: Trends and outcomes of blunt renal trauma management: a nationwide cohort study in Japan
 | Mortality | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
% | n/N | Adjusted OR (95% CI) | P value | |
Age group | ||||
 < 20 years | 5.3 | (32/607) | Reference | – |
 20–64 years | 8.5 | (171/2017) | 1.45 (0.96 to 2.23) | 0.084 |
 ≥ 65 years | 14.5 | (134/926) | 3.36 (2.16 to 5.34) | < 0.001 |
Sex | ||||
 Male | 8.8 | (233/2635) | 0.96 (0.72 to 1.28) | 0.759 |
 Female | 11.4 | (104/915) | Reference | – |
Mechanism | ||||
 Car accident | 8.1 | (45/556) | Reference | – |
 Motorcycle accident | 9.3 | (74/797) | 1.42 (0.92 to 2.21) | 0.120 |
 Bicycle accident | 9.6 | (26/271) | 1.51 (0.86 to 2.62) | 0.147 |
 Pedestrian accident | 19.8 | (70/353) | 1.94 (1.26 to 3.07) | 0.004 |
 Fall from height | 14.1 | (87/616) | 1.91 (1.25 to 2.96) | 0.003 |
 Fall down stairs | 3.1 | (10/323) | 0.55 (0.25 to 1.13) | 0.122 |
 Fall on the ground | 2.3 | (6/265) | 0.66 (0.24 to 1.58) | 0.384 |
 Sports-related injury | 0.7 | (1/145) | 0.47 (0.03 to 2.32) | 0.463 |
 Others | 8.0 | (18/224) | 1.31 (0.69 to 2.41) | 0.389 |
Shock on arrival | ||||
 (+) | 31.4 | (127/405) | 4.02 (3.01 to 5.34) | < 0.001 |
 (−) | 6.7 | (210/3145) | Reference | – |
Concomitant injury | ||||
 Head/neck | ||||
  (+) | 16.9 | (226/1341) | 3.14 (2.39 to 4.14) | < 0.001 |
  (−) | 5.0 | (111/2209) | Reference | – |
 Thorax | ||||
  (+) | 11.8 | (271/2298) | 1.33 (0.97 to 1.86) | 0.084 |
  (−) | 5.3 | (66/1252) | Reference | – |
 Pelvis/lower-extremity | ||||
  (+) | 15.1 | (211/1399) | 1.59 (1.21 to 2.08) | 0.001 |
  (−) | 5.9 | (126/2151) | Reference | – |
Concomitant intra-abdominal organ injury | ||||
 Liver | ||||
  (+) | 12.9 | (125/972) | 1.68 (1.27 to 2.21) | < 0.001 |
  (−) | 8.2 | (212/2578) | Reference | – |
 Spleen | ||||
  (+) | 12.5 | (82/655) | 1.45 (1.06 to 1.97) | 0.018 |
  (−) | 8.8 | (255/2,895) | Reference | – |
 Pancreas |  |  |  |  |
  (+) | 11.5 | (9/78) | 0.66 (0.28 to 1.41) | 0.307 |
  (−) | 9.4 | (328/3472) | Reference | – |
 Gastrointestinal tract | ||||
  (+) | 18.4 | (18/98) | 1.90 (1.01 to 3.55) | 0.046 |
  (−) | 9.2 | (319/3452) | Reference | – |
 Isolated renal trauma | ||||
  (+) | 1.4 | (7/509) | 0.66 (0.25 to 1.50) | 0.348 |
  (−) | 10.9 | (330/3041) | Reference | – |
AAST grade | ||||
 I | 8.5 | (119/1408) | Reference | – |
 II | 7.8 | (28/358) | 0.89 (0.55 to 1.40) | 0.633 |
 III | 7.8 | (81/1039) | 1.42 (1.02 to 1.96) | 0.036 |
 IV | 11.1 | (66/596) | 2.16 (1.48 to 3.13) | < 0.001 |
 V | 28.9 | (43/149) | 5.55 (3.22 to 9.49) | < 0.001 |
Management | ||||
 Emergency abdominal angiography | 8.7 | (103/1189) | 0.70 (0.53 to 0.93) | 0.015 |
  (+) | 9.9 | (234/2361) | Reference | – |
  (−) |  |  |  |  |
 Nephrectomy | ||||
  (+) | 23.5 | (32/136) | 0.97 (0.54 to 1.68) | 0.905 |
  (−) | 8.9 | (305/3414) | Reference | – |
3-year increase in time period | – | – | 0.83 (0.75 to 0.93) | 0.001 |