From: Trends and outcomes of blunt renal trauma management: a nationwide cohort study in Japan
 | Isolated renal trauma | Multiple trauma |  | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristics | n = 509 | n = 3041 | P value | ||
Age, median, Q1–Q3 | 36 | 17–62 | 43 | 24–66 | < 0.001 |
Age group, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | < 0.001 |
 < 20 years | 155 | (30.5) | 452 | (14.9) |  |
 20–64 years | 240 | (47.2) | 1777 | (58.4) |  |
 ≥ 65 years | 114 | (22.4) | 812 | (26.7) |  |
Male sex, n (%) | 368 | (72.2) | 2267 | (74.5) | 0.308 |
Mechanism, n (%) | Â | Â | Â | Â | < 0.001 |
 Car accident | 30 | (5.9) | 526 | (17.3) |  |
 Motorcycle accident | 52 | (10.2) | 745 | (24.5) |  |
 Bicycle accident | 37 | (7.3) | 234 | (7.7) |  |
 Pedestrian accident | 6 | (1.2) | 347 | (11.4) |  |
 Fall from height | 32 | (6.3) | 584 | (19.2) |  |
 Fall down stairs | 79 | (15.5) | 244 | (8.0) |  |
 Fall on the ground | 137 | (26.9) | 128 | (4.2) |  |
 Sports-related injury | 93 | (18.3) | 52 | (1.7) |  |
 Others | 43 | (8.4) | 181 | (6.0) |  |
ISS, median, Q1–Q3 | 9 | 9–16 | 25 | 17–36 | < 0.001 |
Shock on arrival, n (%) | 18 | (3.7) | 387 | (12.7) | < 0.001 |
AAST grade | Â | Â | Â | Â | < 0.001 |
 I | 81 | (15.9) | 1,327 | (43.6) |  |
 II | 25 | (4.9) | 333 | (11.0) |  |
 III | 238 | (46.8) | 801 | (26.3) |  |
 IV | 147 | (28.9) | 449 | (14.8) |  |
 V | 18 | (3.5) | 131 | (4.3) |  |
Management, n (%) | |||||
 Emergency abdominal angiography | 179 | (35.2) | 1,010 | (33.2) | 0.416 |
 Nephrectomy | 20 | (3.9) | 116 | (3.8) | 0.999 |
Mortality, n (%) | 7 | (1.4) | 330 | (10.9) | < 0.001 |