Table 1 Summary of patient characteristics and coagulation tests of the dead and surviving patients

N

198 (100.0%)

2372 (100.0%)

2570 (100.0%)

Age (mean ± SD)

56.25 ± 17.81

47.90 ± 16.10

48.54 ± 16.38

Sex

 Male

154 (77.8%)

1780 (75.0%)

1934 (75.3%)

 Female

44 (22.2%)

592 (25.0%)

636 (24.7%)

Mechanism of injury

 Traffic accident

119 (60.1%)

1346 (56.7%)

1465 (57.0%)

 Fall

20 (10.1%)

358 (15.1%)

378 (14.7%)

 Stumble

44 (22.2%)

408 (17.2%)

452 (17.6%)

 Blow to head

6 (3.0%)

104 (4.4%)

110 (4.3%)

 Others

9 (4.5%)

156 (6.6%)

165 (6.4%)

Pupillary reactions

 Both reacting

103 (52.0%)

2145 (90.4%)

2248 (87.5%)

 One reacting

50 (25.3%)

183 (7.7%)

233 (9.1%)

 None reacting

45 (22.7%)

44 (1.9%)

89 (3.5%)

GCS at admission

6.73 ± 3.31

11.34 ± 3.49

10.98 ± 3.69

 ≤8

145 (73.3%)

586 (24.7%)

731 (28.5%)

 9-12

36 (18.2%)

653 (27.5%)

689 (26.8%)

 13-15

17 (8.6%)

1133 (47.8%)

1150 (44.7%)

CT findings

 IPH or brain contusion

162 (81.8%)

1642 (69.2%)

1804 (70.2%)

 SDH

104 (52.5%)

684 (28.8%)

788 (30.7%)

 EDH

32 (16.2%)

662 (27.9%)

694 (27.0%)

 DAI

19 (9.2%)

52 (2.2%)

71 (2.8%)

Multiple body injuries

13 (6.6%)

134 (5.6%)

147 (5.7%)

 Face

1 (0.5%)

14 (0.6%)

15 (0.6%)

 Thorax

11 (5.6%)

92 (3.9%)

103 (4.0%)

 Abdomen

2 (1.0%)

8 (0.3%)

10 (0.4%)

 Extremities

2 (1%)

35 (1.5%)

37 (1.4%)

 External

1 (0.5%)

3 (0.1%)

4 (0.2%)

ISS^b

22.33 ± 6.12

14.77 ± 7.02

15.35 ± 7.24

INR

1.16 ± 0.24

1.06 ± 0.13

1.07 ± 0.14

PT (s)

13.44 ± 2.71

12.161.55

12.26 ± 1.70

APTT (s)

31.19 ± 14.65

27.30 ± 7.20

27.60 ± 8.09

FIB (g/L)

2.06 ± 1.16

2.58 ± 1.13

2.54 ± 1.14

D-dimer (mg/L)

10.52 ± 14.67

6.90 ± 10.73

7.18 ± 11.12

PLT (× 10⁹/L)

156 ± 61

177 ± 67

176 ± 67

Hb (g/L)

124 ± 25

131 ± 21

131 ± 21

HCT (%)

36.44 ± 6.92

38.36 ± 5.69

38.21 ± 5.82