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Table 2 Summary of patient characteristics and coagulation tests of the favorable and unfavorable outcome patients

From: Impact of fibrinogen level on the prognosis of patients with traumatic brain injury: a single-center analysis of 2570 patients

 

Unfavorable outcome (%)

Favorable outcome (%)

Total (%)

P valuea

N

802 (100.0%)

1768 (100.0%)

2570 (100.0%)

 

Age (mean ± SD)

52.65 ± 16.20

46.68 ± 16.13

48.54 ± 16.38

< .001

Sex

   

.885

 Male

605 (75.4%)

1329 (75.2%)

1934 (75.3%)

 

 Female

197 (24.6%)

439 (24.8%)

636 (24.7%)

 

Mechanism of injury

 Traffic accident

469 (58.5%)

996 (56.3%)

1465 (57.0%)

.060

 Fall

136 (17.0%)

242 (13.7%)

378 (14.7%)

 

 Stumble

132 (16.5%)

320 (18.1%)

452 (17.6%)

 

 Blow to head

21 (2.6%)

89 (5.0%)

110 (4.3%)

 

 Others

44 (5.5%)

121 (6.8%)

165 (6.4%)

 

Pupillary reactions

 Both reacting

565 (70.4%)

1683 (95.2%)

2248 (87.5%)

< .001

 One reacting

160 (20.0%)

73 (4.1%)

233 (9.1%)

 

 None reacting

77 (9.6%)

12 (0.7%)

89 (3.5%)

 

GCS at admission

7.55 ± 3.01

12.54 ± 2.82

10.98 ± 3.69

< .001

 ≤8

523 (65.2%)

208 (11.8%)

731 (28.5%)

< .001

 9–12

226 (28.2%)

463 (26.2%)

689 (26.8%)

 

 13–15

53 (6.6%)

1097 (62.0%)

1150 (44.7%)

 

CT findings

 IPH or brain contusion

687 (85.7%)

1117 (63.2%)

1804 (60.2%)

< .001

 SDH

361 (45.0%)

427 (24.2%)

788 (30.7%)

< .001

 EDH

173 (21.6%)

521 (29.5%)

694 (27.0%)

< .001

 DAI

50 (6.2%)

20 (1.2%)

71 (2.8%)

< .001

Multiple body injures

70 (8.7%)

77 (4.4%)

147 (5.7%)

< .001

 Face

3 (0.4%)

2 (0.7%)

15 (0.6%)

.509

 Thorax

57 (7.1%)

46 (2.6%)

103 (4.0%)

< .001

 Abdomen

6 (0.7%)

4 (0.2%)

10 (0.4%)

.014

 Extremities

16 (2%)

21 (1.2%)

37 (1.4%)

.158

 External

3 (0.4%)

1 (0.1%)

4 (0.2%)

.176

ISSb

21.5 ± 6.4

12.57 ± 5.73

15.35 ± 7.24

< .001

INR

1.10 ± 0.16

1.06 ± 0.13

1.07 ± 0.14

< .001

PT(s)

12.59 ± 1.92

12.11 ± 1.57

12.26 ± 1.70

< .001

APTT(s)

28.50 ± 9.62

27.19 ± 7.26

27.60 ± 8.09

< .001

FIB(g/L)

2.45 ± 1.39

2.58 ± 1.01

2.54 ± 1.14

.016

D-dimer (mg/L)

10.97 ± 15.44

5.46 ± 7.89

7.18 ± 11.12

< .001

PLT (× 109/L)

165 ± 70

181 ± 65

176 ± 67

< .001

Hb (g/L)

125 ± 24

133 ± 20

131 ± 21

< .001

HCT (%)

36.83 ± 6.62

38.83 ± 5.29

38.21 ± 5.82

< .001

  1. GCS Glasgow Coma Scale, ISS Injury Severity Score, PLT platelet, INR international normalized ratio, PT prothrombin, APTT activated partial thromboplastin time, FIB fibrinogen, EDH epidural hematoma, SDH subdural hematoma, IPH intraparenchymal hemorrhage, DAI diffuse axonal injury
  2. aP values not adjusted for multiple comparisons. Statistical significance determined by chi-square test, Student’s t test or Mann-Whitney tests
  3. bISS = AIS12 + AIS22 + AIS32, it is the sum of squares for the highest values in each of the three most severely injured body regions