Unfavorable outcome (%) | Favorable outcome (%) | Total (%) | P valuea | |
---|---|---|---|---|
N | 802 (100.0%) | 1768 (100.0%) | 2570 (100.0%) | |
Age (mean ± SD) | 52.65 ± 16.20 | 46.68 ± 16.13 | 48.54 ± 16.38 | < .001 |
Sex | .885 | |||
Male | 605 (75.4%) | 1329 (75.2%) | 1934 (75.3%) | |
Female | 197 (24.6%) | 439 (24.8%) | 636 (24.7%) | |
Mechanism of injury | ||||
Traffic accident | 469 (58.5%) | 996 (56.3%) | 1465 (57.0%) | .060 |
Fall | 136 (17.0%) | 242 (13.7%) | 378 (14.7%) | |
Stumble | 132 (16.5%) | 320 (18.1%) | 452 (17.6%) | |
Blow to head | 21 (2.6%) | 89 (5.0%) | 110 (4.3%) | |
Others | 44 (5.5%) | 121 (6.8%) | 165 (6.4%) | |
Pupillary reactions | ||||
Both reacting | 565 (70.4%) | 1683 (95.2%) | 2248 (87.5%) | < .001 |
One reacting | 160 (20.0%) | 73 (4.1%) | 233 (9.1%) | |
None reacting | 77 (9.6%) | 12 (0.7%) | 89 (3.5%) | |
GCS at admission | 7.55 ± 3.01 | 12.54 ± 2.82 | 10.98 ± 3.69 | < .001 |
≤8 | 523 (65.2%) | 208 (11.8%) | 731 (28.5%) | < .001 |
9–12 | 226 (28.2%) | 463 (26.2%) | 689 (26.8%) | |
13–15 | 53 (6.6%) | 1097 (62.0%) | 1150 (44.7%) | |
CT findings | ||||
IPH or brain contusion | 687 (85.7%) | 1117 (63.2%) | 1804 (60.2%) | < .001 |
SDH | 361 (45.0%) | 427 (24.2%) | 788 (30.7%) | < .001 |
EDH | 173 (21.6%) | 521 (29.5%) | 694 (27.0%) | < .001 |
DAI | 50 (6.2%) | 20 (1.2%) | 71 (2.8%) | < .001 |
Multiple body injures | 70 (8.7%) | 77 (4.4%) | 147 (5.7%) | < .001 |
Face | 3 (0.4%) | 2 (0.7%) | 15 (0.6%) | .509 |
Thorax | 57 (7.1%) | 46 (2.6%) | 103 (4.0%) | < .001 |
Abdomen | 6 (0.7%) | 4 (0.2%) | 10 (0.4%) | .014 |
Extremities | 16 (2%) | 21 (1.2%) | 37 (1.4%) | .158 |
External | 3 (0.4%) | 1 (0.1%) | 4 (0.2%) | .176 |
ISSb | 21.5 ± 6.4 | 12.57 ± 5.73 | 15.35 ± 7.24 | < .001 |
INR | 1.10 ± 0.16 | 1.06 ± 0.13 | 1.07 ± 0.14 | < .001 |
PT(s) | 12.59 ± 1.92 | 12.11 ± 1.57 | 12.26 ± 1.70 | < .001 |
APTT(s) | 28.50 ± 9.62 | 27.19 ± 7.26 | 27.60 ± 8.09 | < .001 |
FIB(g/L) | 2.45 ± 1.39 | 2.58 ± 1.01 | 2.54 ± 1.14 | .016 |
D-dimer (mg/L) | 10.97 ± 15.44 | 5.46 ± 7.89 | 7.18 ± 11.12 | < .001 |
PLT (× 109/L) | 165 ± 70 | 181 ± 65 | 176 ± 67 | < .001 |
Hb (g/L) | 125 ± 24 | 133 ± 20 | 131 ± 21 | < .001 |
HCT (%) | 36.83 ± 6.62 | 38.83 ± 5.29 | 38.21 ± 5.82 | < .001 |