Table 2 Summary of primary study characteristics, continued
Author | Year | Inclusion | Index test | Reference standard | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (year) | GCS | Setting | Ask | Inspection | Palpation | Stability | Other | Modality | Radiologist | Blind | ||
Civil et al. [33] | 1988 | – | 15 | In-hos | + | + | + | + | + | Xp | + | ? |
Grant [34] | 1990 | – | – | In-hos | − | − | − | + | − | Xp | + | ? |
Salvino et al. [35] | 1992 | ≥ 12 | ≥ 13 | In-hos | + | + | + | + | + | Xp | + | − |
Yugueros et al. [36] | 1995 | > 13 | ≥ 14 | In-hos | − | − | − | + | − | Xp | − | + |
SD. John et al. [37] | 1996 | < 18 | – | In-hos | + | ? | ? | ? | ? | Xp or CT | − | ? |
Heath et al. [38] | 1997 | ≥ 18 | ≥ 14 | In-hos | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Xp | − | ? |
Junkins et al. [39] | 2001 | < 18 | – | In-hos | − | + | + | + | + | Xp or CT | + | ? |
Duane et al. [40] | 2002 | – | – | In-hos | + | + | + | + | − | Xp | ? | ? |
Gonzalez et al. [41] | 2002 | > 14 | ≥14 | In-hos | + | + | − | + | + | Xp or CT | + | + |
Pehle et al. [42] | 2003 | – | – | In-hos | − | + | + | + | + | Xp or CT | − | ? |
Waydhas et al. [12] | 2007 | – | ≤13 | In-hos | − | − | − | + | − | Xp or CT | − | + |
Duane et al. [43] | 2008 | > 16 | – | In-hos | + | + | − | + | − | Xp or CT | + | ? |
Duane et al. [44] | 2009 | > 16 | ≥ 13 | In-hos | + | + | − | + | + | Xp | ? | ? |
Shlamovitz, et al. [45] | 2009 | – | – | In-hos | + | + | + | + | − | Xp or CT | + | ? |
Lagisetty et al. [46] | 2012 | < 18 | – | In-hos | + | + | + | + | − | Xp | + | + |
Lustenberger et al. [11] | 2016 | – | – | Pre-hos | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? |
Majidinejad et al. [47] | 2018 | 5–64 | – | In-hos | + | − | + | − | − | Xp or CT | ? | ? |
Schweigkofler et al. [48] | 2017 | – | – | Both | ? | ? | ? | ? | ? | Xp or CT | ? | ? |
Leent et al. [10] | 2019 | ≥ 18 | – | Pre-hos | − | − | − | + | − | Xp or CT | ? | ? |
Moosa et al. [49] | 2019 | ≥ 16 | 15 | In-hos | − | − | + | − | − | Xp | + | ? |