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Table 1 Baseline characteristics, resuscitation strategies, and surgical interventions between LMICs and HICs

From: Outcomes and management approaches of resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta based on the income of countries

Variable

All (n = 817)

LMIC (n = 73)

HIC (n = 744)

p value

Missing

Age, median (IQR)

42 (27‑58.5)

37 (27‑49)

43.5 (27.5‑59.5)

0.08

13

Gender [female], n (%)

204 (25%)

19 (26%)

185 (24.9%)

0.8

0

Trauma mechanism

   

< 0.001

17

Blunt, n (%)

633/800 (79.1%)

42/73 (57.5%)

591/727 (81.2%)

  

Penetrating, n (%)

167/800 (20.8%)

31/73 (42.7%)

136/727 (18.7%)

  

ISS, median (IQR)

34 (25‑45)

32 (25‑50)

34 (25‑45)

0.6

96

Pre-Hosp CPR, n (%)

165/786 (21%)

1/71 (1.4%)

164/715 (22.9)

< 0.001

31

CPR on arrival, n (%)

137/789 (17.3)

3 /73 (4.1%)

134/18.7 (18.7%)

< 0.001

28

Admission SBP

   

< 0.001

30

Not measurable

149/787 (18.9%)

11/73 (15%)

138/714 (19.3%)

  

< 50

58/787 (7.3%)

10/73 (13.7%)

48/714 (6.7%)

  

50‑80

220/787 (27.9%)

41/73 (56.1%)

179/714 (56.1%)

  

80‑100

342/787 (43.4%)

8/73 (10.9%)

334/714 (46.7%)

  

> 100

18/787 (2.2%)

3/73 (4.1%)

15/714 (2.1%)

  

Admission HR

   

0.005

55

< 50

94/762 (12.3%)

6/72 (8.3%)

88/690 (12.7%)

  

50‑100

202 (26.5%)

15/72 (20.8%)

187/690 (27.1%)

  

100‑120

154/762 (20.2%)

26/72 (36.1%)

128/690 (18.5%)

  

> 120

312/762 (40.9%)

25/72 (34.7%)

287/690 (41.6%)

  

Arrhythmia on admission, n (%)

208/755 (27.8%)

10/72 (13.9%)

198/683 (29%)

0.006

62

Pupilary response, n (%)

447/756 (59.1%)

63/73 (86.3%)

384/683 (56.2%)

< 0.001

61

Admission INR, median (IQR)

1.4 (1.2‑1.7)

1.4 (1.2‑1.6)

1.4 (1.2‑1.8)

0.9

355

Admission pH, median (IQR)

7.16 (7.01‑7.26)

7.19 (7.03‑7.28)

7.16 (7.01‑7.26)

0.5

229

Admission Lactate, median (IQR)

7.2 (4.3‑11.3)

5.9 (4.4‑11.02)

7.2 (4.3‑11.3)

0.5

255

PRBCs in first 24 h, median (IQR)

12 (6‑23)

6 (4‑10)

13 (6.5‑24)

< 0.001

64

FFP in first 24 h, median (IQR)

10 (4‑20)

5.5 (3‑9)

10 (4‑20)

0.001

83

Platelets in first 24 h, median (IQR)

3 (1‑10)

6 (0‑10)

3 (1‑10)

0.7

116

Laparotomy, n (%)

476/774 (61.5%)

48/72 (66.6%)

428/702 (61%)

0.3

43

Pelvic Surgery, n (%)

148/678 (21.8%)

9/73 (12.3%)

139/605 (22.9%)

0.03

139

Embolization, n (%)

105/707 (14.8%)

2/73 (2.7%)

103/634 (16.2%)

0.002

110