Characteristic (N = 199 trauma centers) | No. (%) of trauma centers* | p value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
United States (n = 156 trauma centers) | Canada (n = 26 trauma centers) | Australasia (n = 17 trauma centers) | ||
Accredited/verified for treatment ofa |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Adult patients | 119 (76.3) | 9 (34.6) | 8 (47.1) |  |
 Adult and pediatric patients | 34 (21.8) | 8 (30.8) | 5 (29.4) |  |
 Not accredited/verified—treat adult patients | 0 (0) | 3 (11.5) | 4 (23.5) |  |
 No accredited/verified—treat adult and pediatric patients | 3 (1.9) | 6 (23.1) | 0 (0) |  |
ACS-designed level of adult care |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Level 1 | 68/154 (44.2) | 10/196 (38.5) | 12/16 (75.0) |  |
 Level 2 | 64/154 (41.6) | 6 (23.1) | 2/16 (12.5) |  |
 Level 3 | 21/154 (13.6) | 4 (15.4) | 1/16 (6.3) |  |
 Not accredited/verified | 0 (0) | 5 (19.2) | 1/16 (6.3) |  |
 Other | 1/154 (0.7) | 1 (3.9) | 0 (0) |  |
Geographic location | Â | Â | Â | 0.44 |
 Urban (within a city) | 87/150 (58.0) | 17 (65.4) | 10 (58.8) |  |
 Suburban (residential area on outskirts of a city) | 42/150 (28.0) | 7 (26.9) | 7 (41.2) |  |
 Rural (outside a city) | 21/150 (14.0) | 2 (7.7) | 0 (0) |  |
Teaching center (regularly has resident physicians on the trauma service) | 83/147 (56.5) | 17 (70.8) | 11 (64.7) | 0.39 |
Participates in research | 113/154 (73.4) | 22/24 (91.7) | 17 (100) | 0.006 |
 Local investigator-initiated research | 101/154 (65.6) | 18/24 (75.0) | 13 (76.5) |  |
 Multicenter research | 78/154 (50.7) | 16/24 (66.7) | 11 (64.7) |  |
 Industry-sponsored research | 44/154 (28.6) | 5/24 (20.8) | 5 (29.4) |  |
Designated trauma team | 155/155 (100) | 21/25 (84.0) | 17 (100) | < 0.001 |
Designated trauma service | 150/154 (97.4) | 15/25 (60.0) | 14 (82.4) | < 0.001 |
ICU that admits and cares for injured patients | 153/153 (100) | 24/24 (100) | 17 (100) | NA |
No. trauma patients assessed in last year, median (IQR) | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Adult, any ISS score | 1500 (953–2524) | 836 (650–1349) | 1998.5 (1300–3500) | 0.007 |
 Adult, ISS score > 15 | 250 (142–452) | 376.5 (129–520) | 310 (220–500) | 0.67 |
 Pediatric, any ISS score | 90 (38–200) | 36 (0–100) | 68 (20.5–400) | 0.008 |
 Pediatric, ISS score > 15 | 9 (2–27) | 6 (0–37) | 10 (5–30) | 0.84 |
High volume trauma centerb | 18/135 (13.3) | 3/22 (13.6) | 1 (6.7) | 0.84 |
Percentage of trauma patients assessed in last year with a penetrating injury, median (IQR) | 8 (5–15) | 5 (3–9.1) | 5 (3–8) | 0.008 |