|
Outcomes
|
Open fracture
|
Closed fracture
|
p value
|
|---|
|
Minor (N = 37,785)
|
N = 398
|
N = 37,387
| |
|
Mortality (N, %)
|
14 (3.5%)
|
663 (1.8%)
|
0.009†
|
|
Infection (N, %)
|
13 (3.3%)
|
273 (0.7%)
|
< 0.001†
|
|
AKI (N, %)
|
2 (0.5%)
|
127 (0.3%)
|
0.580†
|
|
LOS (day)
|
11.8 ± 14.6
|
7.0 ± 7.9
|
< 0.001*
|
|
ICU LOS (day)
|
3.3 ± 7.3
|
0.7 ± 4.8
|
< 0.001*
|
|
Moderate (N = 3638)
|
N = 268
|
N = 3370
| |
|
Mortality (N, %)
|
30 (11.2%)
|
110 (3.3%)
|
< 0.001†
|
|
Infection (N, %)
|
18 (6.7%)
|
70 (2.1%)
|
< 0.001†
|
|
AKI (N, %)
|
4 (1.5%)
|
15 (0.4%)
|
0.022†
|
|
LOS (day)
|
16.6 ± 24.0
|
11.2 ± 12.0
|
< 0.001*
|
|
ICU LOS (day)
|
6.8 ± 11.6
|
3.2 ± 7.5
|
< 0.001*
|
|
Severe (N = 2740)
|
N = 164
|
N = 2,576
| |
|
Mortality (N, %)
|
39 (23.8%)
|
252 (9.8%)
|
< 0.001†
|
|
Infection (N, %)
|
13 (7.9%)
|
72 (2.8%)
|
< 0.001†
|
|
AKI (N, %)
|
4 (2.4%)
|
14 (0.5%)
|
0.004†
|
|
LOS (day)
|
15.5 ± 18.9
|
10.8 ± 13.4
|
< 0.001*
|
|
ICU LOS (day)
|
6.3 ± 9.7
|
4.1 ± 9.4
|
< 0.001*
|
- Numerical data: mean (standard deviation); Nominal data: N (percentage)
- WSES = World Society of Emergency Surgery, AKI = acute kidney injury, LOS = length of stay, ICU = intensive care unit
- Minor = WSES Grade I, Moderate = WSES Grade II or III, Severe = WSES Grade IV
- *Student t test, †Chi-square test
