Table 2 Summary of reviewed studies [cross-sectional analytical studies]
From: Risk factors associated with quadbike crashes: a systematic review
References | Study location-geographic region | Study population—demographics | Age range | Sample size | Study outcome of interest | Risk factor |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Burgus et al. [44] | Kentucky, Indiana, Iowa, Ohio, Wisconsin, Missouri, USA | Adolescent farmers | 12–20 years | 624 | Injury | Gender, agricultural residence, age of riding initiation |
Butts et al. [71] | Alabama, Florida, Mississippi, USA | Trauma center patients with QB injury | 11–69 years | 61 | Traumatic brain injury | Engine size |
Campbell et al. [32] | Connecticut, USA | Adolescent farmers | 10–17 years | 238 | Injury | Unsupervised riding, engine size, riding after dark, participating in races |
Clay et al. [9] | Otago and Southland, New Zealand | Farm workers | > 16 years | 216 | Loss of control events | Unrealistic optimism, impulsive sensation seekers, age, gender |
Clay et al. [52] | South Otago, New Zealand | Farm workers | 18–74 years | 112 | Loss of control events | High job demand, gender |
Clay et al. *[53] | Otago and Southland, New Zealand | Farm workers | 17–85 years | 216 | Loss of control events | Fatalism, risk taking, thrill seeking, time pressure, multitasking, fatigue, stress |
Jennissen et al. [45] | Iowa State, USA | School students | 11–16 years | 4320 | Crash | Gender, riding on paved road |
Jennissen et al. [58] | Boone, Iowa; Decatur, Illinois, USA | Farm workers | > 17 years | 426 | Crash | Riding on unpaved road, riding frequency, age, gender |
Jones and Bleeker [46] | Arkansas, USA | Student—agricultural education programs | < 19 years | 378 | Injury | Multiple riders, riding frequency |
Milosavljevic et al. [54] | South Otago, New Zealand | Farmers and farm workers in Otago region | 16–67 years | 130 | Loss of control event | Height taller than 1.81 m, driving a greater mean distance (> = 26.6 km) |