Table 3 Summary of reviewed studies [experimental studies]
From: Risk factors associated with quadbike crashes: a systematic review
References | Vehicle | Type of simulation | Outcome | Risk |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Bernard et al. [47] | Kawasaki KFX90, Honda TRX500FM | Static test with tilt table and live human model | QB rider anthropometric fit | Age-based vehicle selection |
Edlund et al. [2] | Honda TRX500FA Foreman, GOES 320 | Static stability test with tilt table and live human model | Static stability from tilt and rollover | Heavier ROPS, heavier rider, lower tyre pressure, narrow track width |
Hicks et al. [1] | Honda TRX 500, Yamaha YFM450, CF Moto CF500, Polaris Sportsman 450, Suzuki Kingquad 400 ASI, Kawasaki KVF300, Kymco MXU300, Honda TRX250 | Computer simulation using finite element (FE) model of QB and seated rider | Rider displacement | Oversteer speed |
Khorsandi et al. [26] | 2018 Honda Recon ES, 2018 Honda Rancher Manual, 2018 Honda Rancher 4 × 4, 2018 Honda Foreman Rubicon 4 × 4, 2007 Honda Rancher, 2018 Yamaha Grizzly, 2018 Yamaha Kodiak 450, 2018 Yamaha Kodiak 700, 2013 Polaris Sportsman 500 H.O, 2018 Polaris Sportsman 570 EFI, 2018 Polaris Sportsman SP 850 H.O., 2017 Kawasaki Brute Force 300, 2018 Suzuki King-Quad 500 Axi 4 × 4 | Models of crush protection devices | Crush protection zone | Vehicle height, rollover protection system |
Mattei et al. [48] | Polaris Trailblazer 250, Honda FourTrax 250 | Dynamic field test (J hook, brake, bump) with 5 riders | Rollover, longitudinal displacement and ejection, bounce and vertical displacement | Rider arm span, rider body weight, vehicle design |
Thorbole et al. [67] |  | Computational model of QB using finite element (FE) software MADYMO | Crash—forward flip, lateral rollover | QB with passengers |
Zellner et al. [65] | Honda TRX 350 | Crash simulation with crash dummies | Simulated Injury | Rollover protection system, helmet use |