Table 1 Risk factors for specific types of AMI
From: Acute mesenteric ischemia: updated guidelines of the World Society of Emergency Surgery
| Â | Pathogenesis of AMI | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Acute mesenteric arterial embolism | Acute mesenteric arterial thrombosis | NOMI | Mesenteric venous thrombosis | |
Risk factors | Atrial fibrillation recent MI cardiac thrombi Mitral valve disease Left ventricular aneurysm Endocarditis Previous embolic disease | Diffuse atherosclerotic disease Postprandial pain Weight loss | Cardiac failure Low flow states Multiorgan dysfunction Vasopressors Abdominal compartment syndrome | Portal hypertension history of VTE Oral Contraceptives Estrogen use Thrombophilia Pancreatitis |
Clinical onset | Sudden strong abdominal pain, vomiting | Progressive or sudden abdominal pain, vomiting, diarrhea and/or melena | Progressive pain, mild | Nonspecific GI symptoms, abdominal distension, worsening of general condition |
Vascular involvement | Main artery or branches of SMA | Celiac trunk, SMA, IMA origins | Superior mesenteric vein, progression to portal vein | Stenosis of SMA |