Table 3 Patient and disease characteristics of subgroups with and without hyperbaric oxygen therapy (HBOT)
Characteristic | HBOT | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
No, not indicated | Yes | No, ineligible | Pa | |
n (%) | n (%) | n (%) | ||
Total (n = 192) | 98 (51.0) | 83 (43.2) | 11 (5.7) | |
Sex | ||||
Male | 69 (70.4) | 48 (57.8) | 10 (90.9) | 0.041 |
Female | 29 (29.6) | 35 (42.2) | 1 (9.1) | |
Age (years) | ||||
Mean (SD) | 64.3 (14.1) | 58.8 (15.3) | 52.3 (16.8) | 0.008 |
< 60 | 35 (35.7) | 44 (53.0) | 8 (72.7) | 0.011 |
≥ 60 | 63 (64.3) | 39 (47.0) | 3 (27.3) | |
Diagnosis | ||||
Necrotizing fasciitis | 78 (79.6) | 64 (77.1) | 11 (100.0) | 0.207 |
Fournier's gangrene | 20 (20.4) | 19 (22.9) | 0 (0.0) | |
Localization | ||||
Lower extremity | 76 (77.6) | 53 (63.9) | 8 (72.7) | 0.127 |
Genital/inguinal/perineal | 29 (29.6) | 40 (48.2) | 5 (45.5) | 0.033 |
Trunk | 9 (9.2) | 26 (31.3) | 5 (45.5) | < 0.001 |
Retroperitonealb | 1 (1.0) | 3 (3.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0.421 |
Upper extremityb | 2 (2.0) | 8 (9.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0.052 |
Head/neck | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.2) | 0 (0.0) | n.d |
Multiple localizations | 16 (16.3) | 35 (42.2) | 5 (45.5) | < 0.001 |
Initial signs and symptoms | ||||
Sepsis at admission | 49 (50.0) | 74 (89.2) | 9 (81.8) | < 0.001 |
Positive blood culturec | 32 (46.4) | 30 (40.0) | 7 (70.0) | 0.189 |
Leucocyte count, mean (SD) | 16.7 (7.7) | 19.8 (8.2) | 21.8 (11.4) | 0.017 |
CRP, mean (SD) | 235.6 (142.0) | 284.2 (132.0) | 284.5 (126.2) | 0.049 |
LRINECd, mean (SD) | 6.6 (2.9) | 7.6 (2.5) | 8.3 (2.8) | 0.015 |
Modified LRINECe, mean (SD) | 9.4 (3.4) | 11.1 (2.8) | 11.0 (4.8) | 0.011 |
Comorbidities | ||||
Number, mean (SD) | 3.0 (1.5) | 2.5 (1.7) | 2.6 (1.4) | 0.066 |
< 3 | 39 (39.8) | 49 (59.0) | 7 (63.6) | 0.022 |
≥ 3 | 59 (60.2) | 34 (41.0) | 4 (36.4) | |
Diabetes mellitus | 51 (52.0) | 35 (42.2) | 7 (63.6) | 0.243 |
Vascular diseasesf | 36 (36.7) | 19 (22.9) | 3 (27.3) | 0.127 |
Renal diseases | 28 (28.6) | 20 (24.1) | 4 (36.4) | 0.617 |
Cardiac diseases | 44 (44.9) | 28 (33.7) | 3 (27.3) | 0.219 |
Liver diseases | 18 (18.4) | 11 (13.3) | 3 (27.3) | 0.408 |
Arterial hypertension | 67 (68.4) | 45 (54.2) | 3 (27.3) | 0.012 |
History of stroke | 7 (7.1) | 8 (9.6) | 0 (0.0) | 0.502 |
Alcohol abuse | 18 (18.4) | 10 (12.0) | 1 (9.1) | 0.421 |
Substance abuse (i.v.) | 3 (3.1) | 6 (7.2) | 1 (9.1) | 0.380 |
Psychiatric diseases | 6 (6.1) | 11 (13.3) | 0 (0.0) | 0.138 |
Malignant diseases | 16 (16.3) | 10 (12.0) | 3 (27.3) | 0.370 |
Immunosuppression | 17 (17.3) | 10 (12.0) | 1 (9.1) | 0.523 |