Table 1 Risk factors for empyema after diaphragmatic trauma. General information
From: Risk factors for posttraumatic empyema in diaphragmatic injuries
Variable | Value | Empyema | p | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
No | Yes | |||
Patients, n (%) | 233 | 214 (91.8%) | 19 (8.2%) | |
Age, median (IQR) | 27 (22–35) | 27 (22–35) | 26 (22–30) | 0.4051 |
Sex | 0.5942 | |||
Female, n (%) | 28 (12.0) | 26 (12.5) | 2 (10.5) | |
Male, n (%) | 205 (88.0) | 188 (87.9) | 17 (89.5) | |
Trauma mechanism | 0.3652 | |||
MVA, n (%) | 5 (2.2) | 4 (1.9) | 1 (5.3) | |
Assault, n (%) | 3 (1.3) | 3 (1.4) | 0 (–) | |
Explosion, nn (%) | 4 (1.7) | 4 (1.9) | 0 (–) | |
Stab wound, n (%) | 49 (21.0) | 48 (22.4) | 1 (5.3) | |
Gunshot, n (%) | 170 (72.9) | 153 (71.5) | 17 (89.4) | |
Other, blunt, n (%) | 2 (0.9) | 2 (0.9) | 0 (–) | |
SBP, mm Hg, median (IQR) | 112 (97–130) | 112.5 (97–130) | 110 (86–127) | 0.4261 |
RR, breath/min, median (IQR) | 22 (19–26) | 22 (19–26) | 20 (18–26) | 0.1101 |
GCS, median (IQR) | 15 (15–15) | 15 (15–15) | 15 (14–15) | 0.4231 |
RTS, median (IQR) | 7.84 (7.11–7.84) | 7.84 (7.11–7.84) | 7.84 (7.11–7.84) | 0.6721 |
ISS, median (IQR) | 25 (14–34) | 23 (14–33) | 29 (14–35) | 0.2411 |
NISS, median (IQR) | 29 (18–43) | 29 (18–43) | 41 (34–50) | 0.0011 |
ATI, median (IQR) | 17 (10–26) | 16 (9–26) | 23 (13–38) | 0.0311 |
Associated trauma | ||||
Head/neck, n (%) | 23 (9.9) | 21 (9.8) | 2 (10.5) | 1.0002 |
Face, n (%) | 42 (18.0) | 35 (16.4) | 7 (36.8) | 0.0542 |
Extremities, n (%) | 64 (27.5) | 58 (27.1) | 6 (31.6) | 0.7892 |
External, n (%) | 95 (40.8) | 87 (40.7) | 8 (42.1) | 1.0002 |