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Table 1 Characteristics of included trials within the network meta-analysis

From: The optimal timing and intervention to reduce mortality for necrotizing pancreatitis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis

Author, year

Country

Study period

Study design

Follow-up

Comparison

Size

Age, mean ± SD

Gender, male, n (%)

Ke, L., 2021 [48]

China

2018–2019

Prospective, single-center, randomized controlled trial

90 Days

ED

15

38 ± 18

11 (73.3%)

DD

15

40 ± 16

9 (60%)

Boxhoorn, L.,2021 [47]

Netherlands

2015–2019

Prospective, multicenter, randomized, controlled superiority trial

3 Months/6 months

ED

55

60 ± 14

32 (58%)

DD

49

59 ± 11

32 (65%)

Bang, J., 2019 [46]

The USA

2014–2017

Prospective, single-center, randomized trial

6 Weeks/6 months

ES

32

52.9 ± 14.2

21 (65.6%)

EEU

34

55.6 ± 14.2

22 (64.7%)

van Brunschot, 2018 [45]

Netherlands

2011–2015

Prospective, multicenter randomized, superiority trial

3 Months/6 months

DEU

51

63 ± 14

34 (67%)

DSU

47

60 ± 11

29 (62%)

Bakker, 2012 [44]

Netherlands

2008–2010

Prospective, randomized controlled assessor-blinded clinical trial

3 Months/6 months

DE

10

60 ± 22

8 (80%)

DS

10

60 ± 19

6 (60%)

van Santvoort, 2010 [43]

Netherlands

2005–2008

Prospective, multicenter randomized controlled superiority trial

3 Months/6 months

DS

45

57.4 ± 2.0

33 (73%)

DSU

43

57.6 ± 2.1

31 (72%)

Litvin A, 2010 [42]

Belarus

2004–2008

Prospective, multicenter randomized trial

NR

DSU

37

NR

NR

ES

35

NR

NR

Mier, J., 1997 [41]

Mexico

1990–1993

Prospective, single-center, randomized trial

NR

ES

25

42 ± 16

15 (60%)

DS

11

42 ± 12

7 (63.6%)

Schröder, T, 1991 [40]

Finland

1984–1988

Prospective, single-center, randomized trial

NR

ES

11

40.5 ± 7.5

10 (90.9%)

ED

10

35.7 ± 6.8

9 (90%)

Kivilaakso, E, 1984 [39]

Finland

1997–1982

Prospective, single-center, randomized trial

NR

ES

18

38.4 ± 10.2

16 (88.9%)

ED

17

39.7 ± 10

14 (82.4%)

  1. DD delayed drainage, DE delayed endoscopic debridement, DEU delayed endoscopic step-up approach, DS delayed surgery, DSU delayed surgical step-up approach, ED early drainage, EEU early endoscopic step-up approach, ES early surgery, NR not state, SD standard deviation