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Table 3 Clinical outcomes for blunt or non-thoracic, penetrating trauma patients undergoing zone 1 aortic occlusion via resuscitative thoracotomy versus resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA)

From: Survival and neurologic outcomes following aortic occlusion for trauma and hemorrhagic shock in a hybrid operating room

Clinical outcomes

All patients (n = 26)

Resuscitative thoracotomy (n = 13)

REBOA (n = 13)

p

Clavien–Dindo complication classa

    

  Overall class, median

5 [4, 5]

5 [5–5]

4 [2–5]

0.016

  Grade 1, n (%)

1 (4%)

0 (0%)

1 (8%)

 > 0.999

  Grade 2, n (%)

1 (4%)

1 (8%)

0 (0%)

 > 0.999

  Grade 3a, n (%)

1 (4%)

0 (0%)

1 (8%)

 > 0.999

  Grade 3b, n (%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

0 (0%)

 > 0.999

  Grade 4a, n (%)

2 (8%)

0 (0%)

2 (15%)

0.480

  Grade 4b, n (%)

1 (4%)

0 (0%)

1 (8%)

 > 0.999

  Grade 5a, n (%)

3 (12%)

0 (0%)

3 (23%)

0.220

  Grade 5b, n (%)

15 (58%)

12 (92%)

3 (23%)

0.001

Hospital length of stay (d)

2.0 [1.0–15.5]

1.0 [1.0–2.0]

12.0 [2.5–19.0]

0.006

ICU length of stay (d)

2.0 [1.0–9.0]

1.0 [1.0–2.0]

6.0 [2.5–15.0]

0.007

ICU-free hospital days

0.0 [0.0–0.5]

0.0 [0.0–0.0]

0.0 [0.0–5.5]

0.103

Days on mechanical ventilation

2.0 [1.0–3.3]

1.0 [1.0–2.0]

2.0 [1.5–6.0]

0.044

Ventilator-free ICU days

0.0 [0.0–5.3]

0.0 [.0–0.0]

1.0 [0.0–7.5]

0.017

Discharge disposition

    

  Home

3 (12%)

0 (0%)

3 (23%)

0.220

  Subacute/inpatient rehabilitation

2 (8%)

1 (8%)

1 (8%)

 > 0.999

  Long-term acute care

2 (8%)

0 (0%)

2 (15%)

0.480

  Hospice

1 (4%)

0 (0%)

1 (8%)

 > 0.999

  In-hospital mortality

18 (69%)

12 (92%)

6 (46%)

0.030

GCS at discharge (overall)

3 [3–11]

3 [3–3]

9 [3–15]

0.029

GCS 15 at discharge (overall)

6 (23%)

0 (0%)

6 (46%)

0.015

GCS at discharge (survivors)

15 [11–15]

8

15 [15–15]

0.046

GCS 15 at discharge (survivors)

6 (75%)

0 (0%)

6 (86%)

0.250

  1. ED, emergency department, ICU, intensive care unit, GCS, Glasgow Coma Scale. Data are presented as n (%) or median [interquartile range]
  2. aAdapted for trauma by Naumann et al. [15]