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Table 1 Certainty assessment of evidence

From: Efficacy of intraosseous access for trauma resuscitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Certainty assessment

No of patients

Effect

Certainty

Importance

№ of studies

Study design

Risk of bias

Inconsistency

Indirectness

Imprecision

Other considerations

Intraosseous access

intravenous access

Relative (95% CI)

Absolute (95% CI)

Success rate on first attempt

5

Randomized trials

Not serious

Serious

Not serious

Not serious

None

168/185 (90.8%)

141/232 (60.8%)

RR 1.48 (1.32 to 1.66)

292 more per 1000 (from 194 to 401 more)

Moderate

CRITICAL

Mean time to resuscitation

4

Randomized trials

Not serious

Serious

Not serious

Not serious

None

239

253

MD 1.26 lower (1.57 lower to 0.94 lower)

Moderate

IMPORTANT

Mean procedure time

5

Randomized trials

Not serious

Serious

Not serious

Not serious

None

279

293

MD 2.58 lower (2.78 lower to 2.37 lower)

Moderate

IMPORTANT

Complications

4

Randomized trials

Serious

Serious

Not serious

Not serious

All plausible residual confounding would reduce the demonstrated effect

23/139 (16.5%)

34/186 (18.3%)

RR 0.97 (0.61 to 1.55)

5 fewer per 1,000 (from 71 fewer to 101 more)

Moderate

IMPORTANT

  1. CI Confidence interval, MD mean difference, RR Risk ratio