Total (n = 288) | No leak (n = 230) | Leak (n = 50) | p-value | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years), median (IQR) | 29 (22–43) | 30 (22–43) | 26.5 (22–37) | 0.177** |
Sex | ||||
Males, n (%) | 236 (81.9) | 194 (81.5) | 42 (84.0) | 0.840* |
Females, n (%) | 52 (18.1) | 44 (18.5) | 8 (16.0) | |
Injury mechanism | ||||
Penetrating, n (%) | 223 (77.3) | 181 (76.1) | 42 (84.0) | 0.477* |
Blunt, n (%) | 65 (22.6) | 57 (23.9) | 8 (16.0) | |
SBP in the ER (mm Hg), median (IQR) | 111.5 (91.5–130) | 116 (96–131) | 100 (80–120) | < 0.001** |
Hypotension at arrival to the ER, n (%) | 47 (16.3) | 31 (13.0) | 16 (32.05) | < 0.001* |
Transfusion before first surgery, n (%) | 126 (43.8) | 100 (42.0) | 26 (52.0) | 0.212* |
PRBC transfused (units), median (IQR) | 2 (0–5) | 1 (0–5) | 2 (0–5) | 0.277** |
Massive transfusion, n (%) | 64 (22.2) | 51 (21.4) | 13 (26.0) | 0.460* |
ISS, median (IQR) | 20 (16–26) | 18 (16–25) | 25 (17–26) | 0.011** |
Abdominal AIS, median (IQR) | 3 (3–4) | 3 (2–4) | 4 (3–4) | < 0.001** |
Duodenal AAST grade, median (IQR) | 3 (3–3) | 3 (2–3) | 3 (3–3) | 0.248** |
Duodenal AAST grade 3, n (%) | 180 (62.5) | 139 (58.4) | 41 (82.0) | 0.002* |
Associated intraabdominal injuries | ||||
None, n (%) | 28 (9.7) | 24 (10.1) | 4 (8.0) | 0.797* |
Liver, n (%) | 119 (41.3) | 95 (39.9) | 24 (48.0) | 0.344* |
Colon, n (%) | 102 (35.4) | 84 (35.3) | 18 (36.0) | 1.000* |
Pancreas, n (%) | 83 (28.8) | 56 (23.5) | 27 (54.0) | < 0.001 |
Stomach, n (%) | 67 (23.3) | 50 (21.0) | 17 (34.0) | 0.064* |
Major vascular, n (%) | 59 (20.5) | 51 (21.4) | 8 (16.0) | 0.446* |
Small bowel, n (%) | 47 (16.6) | 40 (16.8) | 7 (14.0) | 0.833* |
Kidney, n (%) | 59 (20.5) | 46 (19.3) | 13 (26.0) | 0.335* |
Spleen, n (%) | 22 (7.6) | 18 (7.6) | 4 (8.0) | 1.000* |
Surgical treatment | ||||
Primary repair, n (%) | 227 (78.8) | 201 (84.5) | 26 (52.0) | < 0.001* |
Suture + duodenostomy, n (%) | 27 (9.4) | 19 (8.0) | 8 (16.0) | |
Complex repairs, n (%)† | 34 (11.8) | 18 (7.6) | 16 (32.0) |