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Table 1 Study level data (study characteristics and patients’ information)

From: Unlocking the potential of TIPS placement as a bridge to elective and emergency surgery in cirrhotic patients: a meta-analysis and future directions for endovascular resuscitation in acute care surgery

Author/y

Country

Study type

Cirrhosis etiology

Child-stage

Total pts/pts TIPS

Preoperative/postoperative

TIPS indication

n pts who attained surgery with preoperative TIPS

Age (TIPS group)

Condition requiring surgery

Type of surgery

Emergency-elective?

Timing between TIPS and surgery

Survival—mortality

Moulin 1995

France

CR

Alcohol

Child-B

1/1

1/0

Prophylactic

1

62

Adenocarcinoma of the esophagus

Endoscopic laser resection for adenocarcinoma of the esophagus: 1

Elective

120 days

Alive at 1-year follow-up

Amstrong 1998

USA

CR

Alcohol

Child-C

1/1

1/0

Prophylactic

1

55

Perforated diverticular disease

Sigmoid colectomy with a proximal diverting colostomy for diverticulitis: 1

Emergency

NR

Alive

Guglielmi 1999

Italy

CR

Alcohol

Child-B

1/1

1/0

Prophylactic

1

57

Gastric cancer

Endoscopic mucosal resection for gastric cancer: 1

Elective

30 days

Alive at 6-month follow-up

Azoulay 2001

France

CS

Alcohol: 5, HCV: 2

Child-A: 5, Child-B: 1, Child-C: 1

7/7

7/0

Prophylactic: 4, TIPS for ascites: 3

6

54 (54–67)

Colon cancer: 2, kidney cancer: 1, esophageal cancer: 1, aortic aneurysm: 1, heart cancer: 1, colostomy reversal: 1

Cancer resection: 5 (colon: 2, kidney: 1 esophageal: 1, heart: 1); aortic aneurysm repair: 1, colostomy reversal: 1

All elective

NR

One patient died

Grubel 2002

USA

CR

Alcohol and HCV

Child-C: 2

2/2

2/0

Prophylactic: 2

1

51 and 43

Colon cancer and kidney cancer

Sigmoid colectomy for colon cancer in 1; Nephrectomy for renal cancer in 1

Elective

21 and 56 days

The two patients remained alive at 1 year follow-up

Norton 2003

UK

CR

Alcohol

Child-A

1/1

1/0

Prophylactic

1

41

Gastric cancer

Gastrectomy for gastric cancer in 1

Elective

7 days

Alive at 6 months post-procedure

Fagan 2004

USA

CS

Alcohol: 2, HCV: 1

Child-B: 3

3/3

2/1

TIPS for ascites: 3 (one postop)

3

62, 65 and 51

Ruptured umbilical hernia

Umbilical herniorrhaphy for ruptured umbilical hernia in 3

All emergency

0 and 8 days. One pt had TIPS immediately after the surgical procedure

All alive in follow-up visits (3, 5 and 13 months)

Gil 2004

Spain

CS

HCV: 3

Child-A:2, Child-B:1

3/3

3/0

Prophylactic: 3

3

63, 70 and 60

Colon cancer: 1, gastric cancer: 1 and pancreas cancer: 1

Right hemicolectomy for colon cancer in 1, subtotal gastrectomy for gastric cancer in 1, pancreatoduodenectomy for pancreas cancer in 1

Elective

30, 45, and 14 days

Alive until hospital discharge

Catalano 2005

Italy

CR

Alcohol

Child-A

1/1

1/0

Prophylactic

1

63

Gastric adenocarcinoma

Subtotal distal gastrectomy for gastric cancer in 1

Elective

30 days

Alive at 12 months

Semiz-Oysu 2007

USA

CR

Alcohol: 1, NAFLD: 2

Child-A/B: 1/1

2/2

2/0

TIPS LRE: 2

2

68 and 61

Aortic stenosis and coronary artery disease in 2

Coronary artery bypass + aortic valve replacement in 1, coronary artery bypass in 1

Emergency: 1, elective:1

30 and 10 days

All alive at 6 months

Vinet 2006

Canada

Comparative study

Alcohol: 7

Median Child score: 7.7 (6–10)

35/18

18/0

Prophylactic: 13, TIPS for bleeding: 5

18

58 (14)

Colon cancer: 8, gastric antral vascular ectasia: 3, ulcerative colitis: 2, gastric cancer: 2, ampulloma: 1, small bowel stenosis: 1, kidney cancer: 1

Colectomy: 10, duodenopancreatectomy: 1, gastrectomy: 5, nephrectomy: 1, small bowel resection: 1

Elective

72 (21) days

1 year mortality: 8 (44%)

Kim 2009

USA

CS

Alcohol: 4, HCV: 4, PSC: 3, cyptogenic: 2, NASH: 2, portal vein thrombosis: 1, biliary atresia: 1

Child-A/B/C: 2/16/7

25/25

25/0

Prophylactic: 6, TIPS for ascites: 9, TIPS for bleeding: 10

25

49 (12)

Hernia: 7, gastro-intestinal perforation: 4, aortic stenosis: 2, colonic neoplasms: 2, kidney cancer: 1, cholangiocarcinoma: 1, testicular cancer: 1, bleeding cecal varices: 1, toxic megacolon: 1, mesenteric fibromatosis: 1, Ischemic Roux-en-Y: 1, arteriovenous malformation of the spleen: 1, pulmonary nodule: 1, pulmonary tuberculosis: 1

Gastrointestinal resections: 7, hernia repair: 6, exploratory laparotomy/lysis of adhesions: 4, aortic valve replacement: 2, splenectomy: 2, lung resection: 2, esophageal repair: 1, nephrectomy: 1

Emergency: 14, elective: 11

NR

1 year mortality: 7

Schlenker 2009

USA

CS

Alcohol: 3, PBC: 2, cryptogenic: 1, HCV: 1

Child A/B/C: 3/4/0

7/7

7/0

Prophylactic:7

7

56 (54–60)

Pelvic mass: 2, gastric/colon cancer: 2, complicated ovarian cyst: 1, cervical dysplasia: 1, renal cell carcinoma: 1

Salpingo-oophorectomy: 4, Gastrectomy/colectomy: 2, Nephrectomy: 1

Elective

13 (3–17) days

1 year mortality: 0

Minicozzi 2010

Italy

CR

Alcohol

Child-B

1/1

1/0

Prophylactic

1

70

Abdominal aortic aneurism and colon cancer

Endovascular aneurysm repair + laparoscopic right colectomy in 1

Elective

21 days

Alive at one year

Telem 2010

USA

CS

NR

NR

21/6

6/0

Prophylactic:6

6

NR

Ruptured/incarcerated hernias

Herniorrhaphy for ruptures incarcerated hernias in 1

Emergency

1 day

NR

Theruvath 2010

USA

CR

NR

Child-B

1/1

1/0

Prophylactic

1

55

Insulinoma/sigmoid adenocarcinoma

Enucleation of the pancreatic endocrine tumor and resection of sigmoid colon cancer in 1

Elective

2 days

Discharged home on day 10

Becq 2015

France

CR

NAFLD

NR

1/1

1/0

TIPS for ascites

1

67

Gastric antral vascular ectasia

Antrectomy for gastric antral vascular ectasia in 1

Elective

90 days

Alive at 3 months

Liverani 2015

Italy

CR

NR

Child-B

1/1

1/0

Prophylactic

1

80

Gastric cancer

Gastrectomy for gastric cancer in 1

Elective

30 days

Discharged home on day 14

de Andres 2016

Spain

CR

Alcohol

Child-A

1/1

1/0

Prophylactic

1

66

Achalasia

Laparoscopic Heller myotomy + dor fundoplication + cholecystectomy in 1

Elective

42 days

Alive at 6-months

Jabbar 2016

UK

CR

Congenital liver fibrosis

NR

1/1

1/0

Prophylactic

1

49

Common bile duct mass: bile duct adenoma with high frade dysplasia

Whipple procedure in 1

Elective

NR

Discharged home on day 28

Schmitz 2019

USA

CS

NASH: 9, alcohol: 6, HCV: 4, autoimmune hepatitis: 1, PBC

Child-A/B/C: 8/12/1

21/21

21/0

Prophylactic: 21

11

56.4 (8.8)

Hernia

"11 of the 21 patients who underwent TIPS creation had undergone the planned abdominal operation" Hernia repair in 11

Elective

NR

NR

Tabchouri 2019

France

Comparative study

Alcohol: 53, HCV: 6, NASH: 4, other: 3

Child-A/B/C: 40/24/2

134/66

66/0

Prophylactic: 66

56

60.9 (38–81)

NR

Colorectal surgery (30), Upper GI and pancreatic surgery (9), Hernia (8), Cholecystectomy (3), Other (6)

Elective

NR

30/90-day mortality: 1/4

Goel 2020

UK

CS

Alcohol: 8, NAFLD: 4, PSC: 3, other: 6

Child-A: 15, Child-B: 6

21/21

21/0

Prophylactic: 21

18

55 (33–76)

Colon cancer: 15, inflammatory bowel disease: 4, cystic fibrosis: 1, Alport's syndrome: 1

Colectomy (15), lung transplant (1), others (5)

Elective

38 (5–315) days

One year mortality = : 11 (52%)

Masood 2020

USA

CR

HCV

NR

1/1

1/0

Prophylactic

1

65

Colon cancer

Laparoscopic right hemicolectomy

Elective

60 days

Alive until hospital discharge

Aryan 2022

USA

Comparative study

NASH: 9, HCV: 6, alcohol: 7, NR: 2

NR

41/24

17/7

Prophylactic: 17, TIPS for LRE: 7 (7 postop)

24

52.8 (11.9)

Hernias: 22, cholecystitis: 1, spleen disease: 1

Hernia repair (21), bowel resection (5), cholecystectomy (1), other (1)

6 emergent hernia repairs

median 28 days (range: 4–202)

30 day mortality = 0%

Chang 2022

Germany

Comparative study

Alcohol: 32, viral: 4, other: 9

Child-A: 10, Child-B: 35

90/45

45/0

TIPS for LRE (variceal bleeding/ascites): 45

45

63 (43–80)

NR

Hernia repair (11), cholecystectomy (5),other hepatobiliary (5), bowel resection (2), orthopedic surgery (15), vascular surgery (2), other (5)

Emergency: 7, elective: 38

6 (0–101) months

8 patients died in the TIPS group

Kapeleris 2022

UK

CR

Alcohol: 1, autoimmune hepatitis with PSC: 1

Child-A: 1, Child-B: 1

2/2

2/0

Prophylactic: 2

1

56 and 36

Sigmoid adenocarcinoma and ulcerative colitis

Colon resection for sigmoid adenocarcinoma and ulcerative colitis in 1

Elective

NR

NR

  1. NR not reported, pts patients, CR case report, CS case series, HCV hepatitis C virus, NAFLD non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, PBC primary biliary cirrhosis, PSC primary sclerosing cholangitis, NASH non-alcoholic steatohepatitis