Table 1 Management techniques of duodenal leaks and external duodenal fistulas
Technique | 1st author | Year | N | Success rate |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Serosal patch | Kittrick | 1965 | 1 | 1/1 |
Initial nonoperative and drainage | Garden | 1988 | 24 | 22/24 (92%) |
Transparietal endoscopic intubation | Bloch | 1989 | 2 | 2/2 |
Initial nonoperative | Williams | 1997 | 13 | 8/13 (62%) |
Serosal patch | Curti | 1997 | 4 | 4/4 |
Intubation and intraluminal irrigation | Parc | 1999 | 49 | 32/49 (65%) |
Gastrostomy tube fistula plug | Halttunen | 2003 | 2 | 2/2 |
Rectus abdominis muscle flap | Chander | 2004 | 6 | 6/6 |
Percutaneous transhepatic duodenal diversion | Zarzour | 2008 | 6 | 5/6 |
Biliogastric diversion | Milias | 2009 | 2 | 2/2 |
T-tube duodenocholangiostomy | Paluszkiewics | 2010 | 12 | 12/12 |
Modified duodenal diverticulization | Cruz | 2010 | 3 | 3/3 |
T-tube decompression | Gupta | 2013 | 10 | 10/10 |
Percutaneous sinus tract drainage | Shen | 2019 | 10 | 9/10 |
Prophylactic modified tube | Jung | 2020 | 5 | 4/5 |