Table 5 Associated injuries of the alcohol-intoxicated adult motorcycle riders with or without helmet-wearing
From: Alcohol-related hospitalizations of adult motorcycle riders
Variables | Helmet + N = 424 | Helmet-N = 155 | Odds ratio (95% CI) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Head/Neck trauma, n(%) | ||||
Neurologic deficit | 9 (2.1%) | 4 (2.6%) | 0.8 (0.25-2.70) | 0.742 |
Cranial fracture | 73 (17.2%) | 50 (32.3%) | 0.4 (0.29-0.67) | 0.000 |
Epidural hematoma (EDH) | 47 (11.1%) | 32 (20.6%) | 0.5 (0.29-0.79) | 0.003 |
Subdural hematoma (SDH) | 71 (16.7%) | 50 (32.3%) | 0.4 (0.28-0.64) | 0.000 |
Subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) | 84 (19.8%) | 53 (34.2%) | 0.5 (0.32-0.72) | 0.000 |
Intracerebral hematoma (ICH) | 21 (5.0%) | 10 (6.5%) | 0.8 (0.35-1.64) | 0.478 |
Cerebral contusion | 32 (7.5%) | 24 (15.5%) | 0.4 (0.25-0.78) | 0.004 |
Cervical vertebral fracture | 6 (1.4%) | 3 (1.9%) | 0.7 (0.18-2.94) | 0.654 |
Maxillofacial trauma, n(%) | ||||
Maxillary fracture | 73 (17.2%) | 34 (21.9%) | 0.7 (0.47-1.17) | 0.195 |
Mandibular fracture | 34 (8.0%) | 13 (8.4%) | 1.0 (0.49-1.86) | 0.886 |
Orbital fracture | 28 (6.6%) | 10 (6.5%) | 1.0 (0.49-2.16) | 0.948 |
Nasal fracture | 13 (3.1%) | 5 (3.2%) | 0.9 (0.33-2.71) | 0.922 |
Thoracic trauma, n(%) | ||||
Rib fracture | 66 (15.6%) | 16 (10.3%) | 1.6 (0.90-2.86) | 0.109 |
Hemothorax | 11 (2.6%) | 4 (2.6%) | 1.0 (0.32-3.21) | 0.993 |
Pneumothorax | 11 (2.6%) | 5 (3.2%) | 0.8 (0.27-2.34) | 0.682 |
Hemopneumothorax | 9 (2.1%) | 2 (1.3%) | 1.7 (0.35-7.77) | 0.516 |
Lung contusion | 6 (1.4%) | 6 (3.9%) | 0.4 (0.11-1.12) | 0.066 |
Thoracic vertebral fracture | 3 (0.7%) | 2 (1.3%) | 0.5 (0.09-3.29) | 0.502 |