|
FINDINGS
|
THE CASES
|
|---|
|
Hemodynamics
| |
|
CVP ≥ 20 H2O
|
1, 3, 9
|
|
SBP ≤ 70 mmHg
|
2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 9
|
|
Thorax
| |
|
Bruised chest wall
|
2
|
|
Pneumothorax
|
4
|
|
Lung contusion
|
4
|
|
Sternal fracture
|
2, 6, 7
|
|
Cyanosis
|
1, 6
|
|
Muffled heart sounds
|
1, 2, 3, 4, 9
|
|
Enlarged heart silluette
|
4, 5, 6
|
|
Widened mediastinum
|
4, 5,,6, 9
|
|
Cardiac tamponade
|
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 9
|
|
Pericardial tear associated to RAA injury
|
3
|
|
Hemothorax
|
3
|
|
Rib fracture
|
7, 8
|
|
Neck
| |
|
Neck vein distension
|
2, 5, 6
|
|
Abdomen
| |
|
Liver injury
|
1, 2, 4, 8, 9
|
|
Spleen injury
|
4, 8, 9
|
|
Extremity
| |
|
Lower limb fractures
|
1, 4, 7, 8, 9
|
|
SURGICAL PROCEDURES
| |
|
Pericardiocentesis
|
1, 3, 8
|
|
Laparotomy
|
1. 4. 5.7, 8, 9
|
|
Sub-xiphoidal pericardial window
|
4, 5, 7, 9
|
|
Opening of the diaphragm at laparotomy
|
3
|
|
Access to RAA:
| |
|
Bilateral thoracotomy
|
9
|
|
Medial sternotomy
|
1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8
|
|
RAA injury repair:
| |
|
Ligature
|
2
|
|
Suture
|
1, 3, 4, 5, 6,7, 8, 9
|
- Main diagnostic and surgical findings and/or procedures performed in the 9 cases of isolated blunt traumatic rupture of the right atrium appendage (RAA) here discussed CVP: central venous pressue. SBP: systolic blood pressure. RAA: right atrium appendage. Figures in the right column of the Table represent the cases number: 1 (Trueblood et al [5]), 2 (Galton et al [6]), 3 (Leavitt et al [7]), 4 and 5 (Kupferschmidt et al [8]), 6 (Degiannis E et al [9]), 7 (Dagenais F et al [10]), 8 (Ilkjoer LB et al [11]).
