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Table 5 Risk factors to evaluate when considering damage control strategy for iatrogenic colonoscopy perforations (ICP)

From: 2017 WSES guidelines for the management of iatrogenic colonoscopy perforation

Risk factors Description References
Age > 67 [140]
Delayed diagnosis > 24 h [140, 142]
Hemodynamic instability Need for vasopressors before or during surgery [123, 143]
“Blunt” ICP Perforation caused by excessive dilatation or during diagnostic procedures [142]
Medication use Chronic steroid therapy [13, 140]
Severe sepsis Peritonitis with organ failure [135, 141]
High surgical risk ASA III and IV [142]
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