Table 1 Characteristics of the 41 studies included in the systematic review
Study (setting, year) | Temporality | Study period | Trauma center level of care | No. of abdo GSWs | No. abdo GSWs treated with SNOM | Mean age (years) | Mean ISS | Reported SNOM characteristics | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Frequency of physical exam | Serial examination done by | Serial laboratory examination | Use of CT | ||||||||
Reed et al. [65] (USA, 2017) | Retrospective | 2003–2014 | NR | 127 | 63 | 26 | 17 | NR | NR | NR | Selective |
Peponis et al. [35] (USA, 2017) | Retrospective | 1996–2015 | I and II | 922 | 215 | NR | NR | Serial | Trauma team | NR | Selective |
Starling et al. [59] (Brazil, 2015) | Prospective | 2005–2014 | NR | 169 | 28 | 27.7 | 10.9 | NR | NR | Yes | Mandatory |
Navsaria et al. [45] (SA, 2015) | Prospective | 2004–2009 | I | 1106 | 272 | 27.9 | NR | Serial | NR | Yes | Selective |
Laing et al. [30] (SA, 2014) | Retrospective | 2012–2013 | NR | 80 | 15 | 28 | NR | 4-hourly for 12–24 h | Surgical trainee | NR | Mandatory |
Cesar et al. [61] (Brazil, 2013) | Prospective | 2005–2012 | NR | NR | 37 | 24 | 16 | NR | NR | NR | Mandatory |
Inaba et al. [46] (USA, 2012) | Prospective | 2009–2011 | NR | 270 | 91 | 26.3 | 7.9 | Serial | Trauma surgeon | Yes | Mandatory |
Starling et al. [40] (Brazil, 2012) | Prospective | 2005–2011 | NR | NR | 115 | 25.8 | 14.8 | Short time intervals | NR | Yes | Mandatory |
Zafar et al. [62] (USA, 2012) | Retrospective | 2003–2008 | I and II | 12,707 | 3564 | 30 | NR | NR | NR | NR | Selective |
Hope et al. [63] (USA, 2012) | Retrospective | 2006–2008 | II | 39 | 6 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | Mandatory |
Mnguni et al. [36] (SA, 2012) | Prospective | 1998–2204 | I | 240 | 13 | 28.6 | 12.2 | Serial | NR | NR | Selective |
Schnüriger et al. [66] (USA, 2011) | Retrospective | 2005–2007 | I | 125 | 11 | 28.1 | 22.5 | NR | NR | NR | Mandatory |
Fikry et al. [31] (USA, 2011) | Retrospective | 1999–2009 | I | 125 | 38 | 25 | 14 | NR | NR | NR | Selective |
Bjurlin et al. [32] (USA, 2011) | Retrospective | 2003–2008 | NR | 79 | 25 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | Selective |
Navsaria and Nicol [33] (SA, 2009) | Prospective | 2004–2008 | I | 95 | 33 | 22.8 | 10.5 | Serial for 48 h | NR | 4-hourly hemoglobin level | Mandatory |
Voelzke and McAninch [37] (USA, 2009) | Retrospective | 1978–2008 | I | 201 | 51 | 27.8 | NR | NR | NR | NR | Selective |
Navsaria et al. [47] (SA, 2009) | Prospective | 2004–2008 | I | 195 | 63 | 27.2 | 19.6 | Serial for 48 h | NR | 4-hourly hemoglobin level | Mandatory |
Schmelzer et al. [64] (USA, 2008) | Prospective | NR | I | 65 | 19 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | Selective |
Chamisa [48] (SA, 2008) | Prospective | Jan–Jun, 2008 | NR | 78 | 19 | NR | NR | 2-hourly interval | NR | NR | Selective |
DuBose et al. [60] (USA, 2007) | Retrospective | 1999–2005 | I | 644 | 144 | 28 | 15 | NR | NR | Yes | Mandatory |
MacLeod et al. [44] (USA, 2007) | Retrospective | 1995–2003 | I | 896 | 396 | 27.8 | 16 | Serial | NR | Yes | Selective |
Demetriades et al. [38] (USA, 2006) | Prospective | 2004–2006 | I | 107 | 39 | NR | NR | Serial for 24–28 h | NR | Yes | Selective |
Velmahos et al. [12] (USA, 2005) | Prospective | 2002–2004 | I | 273 | 103 | 27 | 11 | NR | NR | NR | Mandatory |
Omoshoro-Jones et al. [49] (SA, 2005) | Prospective | 2000–2002 | I | 124 | 33 | 25 | NR | Serial for 48 h | NR | Yes | Mandatory |
Múnera et al. [11] (USA, 2004) | Prospective | 2000–2002 | I | 47 | 36 | 23.5 | NR | NR | NR | NR | Mandatory |
Velmahos et al. [39] (USA, 2001) | Retrospective | 1993–2000 | I | 1856 | 792 | 25 | 3 | Frequent for 12–24 h | Same resident with active involvement of attending staff | NR | Selective |
Demetriades et al. [50] (USA, 1999) | Retrospective | 1994–1998 | I | 52 | 16 | 30 | 17.5 | Serial for 24 h | NR | Yes | Mandatory |
Velmahos et al. [67] (USA, 1998) | Retrospective | 1994–1995 | I | 54 | 4 | 26.2 | 20 | NR | Trauma team | NR | Mandatory |
Adesanya et al. [57] (Nigeria, 1998) | Prospective | 1992–1996 | NR | 78 | 14 | 30 | NR | NR | Consultant surgeon | NR | NR |
Velmahos et al. [43] (USA, 1997) | Prospective | 1994–1995 | I | 192 | 130 | 24 | NR | Serial | NR | Yes | Selective |
Demetriades et al. [51] (USA, 1997) | Prospective | 1994–1995 | I | 309 | 106 | 24.7 | NR | 24 h | Admitting surgeon | Yes | Selective |
Wessells et al. [34] (USA, 1997) | Retrospective | 1980–1995 | NR | 45 | 4 | 30.6 | NR | NR | NR | Yes | Selective |
Chmielewski et al. [41] (USA, 1995) | Prospective | 1991–1994 | I | 184 | 12 | NR | NR | 48 h | NR | Yes | Selective |
Renz and Feliciano [42] (USA, 1994) | Prospective | 1990–1993 | I | 32 | 13 | NR | NR | Frequent | Resident, at least twice a day by the primary investigator | Yes | Selective |
Demetriades et al. [52] (USA, 1991) | Prospective | 1988–1990 | NR | 146 | 41 | 28 | NR | Regular | Same surgeon | NR | NR |
Muckart et al. [53] (SA, 1990) | Prospective | Jul–Aug, 1988 | NR | 111 | 22 | 24 | NR | 2-hourly | NR | NR | NR |
McAlvanah and Shaftan [54] (USA, 1978) | Prospective | 1963–1971 | NR | 221 | 101 | NR | NR | Every ½ to 1 h for 24–36 h | NR | NR | NR |
Lowe et al. [55] (USA, 1977) | Retrospective | 1972–1974 | NR | 362 | 55 | 27.8 | NR | 48 h | Surgical resident supervised by attending staff | NR | Selective |
Taylor [68] (USA, 1973) | Retrospective | 1962–1970 | NR | 254 | 8 | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR | NR |
Richter and Zaki [58] (USA, 1967) | Retrospective | 1957–1966 | NR | 35 | 13 | NR | NR | NR | Surgeon | NR | NR |
Ryzoff et al. [56] USA, 1966) | Retrospective | 1956–1963 | NR | 50 | 17 | NR | NR | Frequent | NR | NR | NR |