Table 2 Risk of bias assessment of the 41 included studies
Study | Study participation | Study attrition | Prognostic factors measurement | Outcome measurement | Statistical analysis and reporting |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reed et al. [65] | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | Low |
Peponis et al. [35] | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Low |
Starling et al. [59] | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | Low |
Navsaria et al. [45] | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low |
Laing et al. [30] | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate |
Cesar et al. [61] | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | Low |
Inaba et al. [46] | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | Low |
Starling et al. [40] | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Low |
Zafar et al. [62] | Low | High | Moderate | Moderate | Low |
Hope et al. [63] | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Low |
Mnguni et al. [36] | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low | Low |
Schnüriger et al. [66] | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate |
Fikry et al. [31] | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Low |
Bjurlin et al. [32] | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
Navsaria and Nicol [33] | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | Low |
Voelzke and McAninch [37] | Low | Moderate | Low | Moderate | Moderate |
Navsaria et al. [47] | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | Low |
Schmelzer et al. [64] | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Low |
Chamisa [48] | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low |
DuBose et al. [60] | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | Low |
MacLeod et al. [44] | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | High |
Demetriades et al. [38] | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Low |
Velmahos et al. [12] | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
Omoshoro-Jones et al. [49] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Low |
Múnera et al. [11] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
Velmahos et al. [39] | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | Low |
Demetriades et al. [50] | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate |
Velmahos et al. [67] | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | Low |
Adesanya et al. [57] | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Velmahos et al. [43] | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low |
Demetriades et al. [51] | Low | Moderate | Low | Low | Moderate |
Wessells et al. [34] | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |
Chmielewski et al. [41] | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Renz and Feliciano [42] | Low | Low | Moderate | Low | Low |
Demetriades et al. [52] | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Moderate |
Muckart et al. [53] | Low | Low | Low | Low | Moderate |
McAlvanah and Shaftan [54] | Low | Moderate | Moderate | Low | Low |
Lowe et al. [55] | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | High | High |
Taylor [68] | Moderate | High | High | High | High |
Richter and Zaki [58] | Moderate | Moderate | High | Moderate | Moderate |
Ryzoff et al. [56] | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate | Moderate |