Table 1 Summary of the articles reviewed
From: Medications and patient safety in the trauma setting: a systematic review
Study | Country of origin and type and length of study | Patient setting evaluated | Number of patients | What was evaluated? | Level of evidence and negative criteria for decreasing level of evidence | Results |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
S. Miller et al. | USA—prospective, 13 months | Admission to trauma service | 234 | MR accuracy of trauma team and admission nurse compared to pharmacist | Level IV Not RCT, no follow up required, excluded if missing data | 4% overall accuracy |
M. Miller et al. | Australia—retrospective, 24 months | Admission to trauma service | 533 | Compared patients without a medication history to those known to be currently or not currently taking (ACAP) | Level IV Not RCT, heterogeneous comparison groups | Mortality higher (p value = 0.004) for ACAP (24%) vs no-ACAP (11%) vs no medication history (11%); LOS, ICU LOS, vent days, disability at discharged did not differ |
Pascual et al. | Spain—prospective, 1 ½ months | Admission to trauma service | 164 | Discrepancies in hospital medications ordered at admission when compared to home medications | Level IV Not RCT, no evaluation of heterogeneity | 1(+) error(s) were found in 48.8% total; 67% admitted from ED vs. 44.8% for scheduled admission; errors of omission were the most common at 72%; risk increased by 33% for each drug taken |
Nishijima et al. | USA—retrospective, 12 months | Prehospital | 2110 | Similarity of EMS providers MR for ACAP in head trauma compared to ED providers | Level IV Not RCT, no evaluation of heterogeneity | Similarity obtained for warfarin; not obtained for direct oral anticoagulant agents, aspirin, or other anticoagulants |
Total Patients | 3041 |