Table 3 Risk factors for conversion to open cholecystectomy in univariate analysis

Gallbladder (GB) appearance

3.43 (2.38, 4.94)

< 0.0001***

BMI

1.04 (0.64, 1.68)

0.891

Adhesions from previous surgery limiting access

3.14 (1.71, 5.75)

0.0005***

Distended or shrivelled GB

1.72 (1.16, 2.55)

0.0018**

Inability to grasp GB

1.92 (1.25, 2.95)

0.0013**

Stone > 1 cm impacted in Hartmann’s pouch

2.14 (1.39, 3.3)

0.0002***

Bile or pus outside GB

3.99 (2.33, 6.83)

< 0.0001***

Fistula

10.5 (2.48, 44.43)

0.0019**