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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of study participants with emergency colorectal surgery

From: Association of pre-operative chronic kidney disease and acute kidney injury with in-hospital outcomes of emergency colorectal surgery: a cohort study

 

Total

n = 3002

CKD(-)AKI(-)

n = 1963

CKD(-)AKI(+)

n = 541

CKD(+)AKI(-)

n = 340

CKD(+)AKI(+)

n = 59

ESRD

n = 99

P value

Age (years), mean ± SD

70.3 ± 15.4

66.9 ± 16.1

76.8 ± 12.3

77.7 ± 10.8

78.9 ± 9.4

72.5 ± 10.8

< 0.001

Sex (male), %

54.5

45.5

46.8

44.7

47.5

40.4

0.815

Type of surgery, %

      

0.927

  Surgery for acute pan-peritonitis

19.8

19.6

20.5

18.5

23.7

21.2

 

 Colectomy

57.2

56.8

58.4

57.4

57.6

58.6

 

 Colostomy

13.6

14.1

11.8

15.0

10.2

9.1

 

 Rectal resection

9.4

9.5

9.2

9.1

8.5

11.1

 

Use of laparoscopy, %

4.0

5.0

1.5

3.2

0

1.0

0.001

Indication for surgery, %

      

< 0.001

 Peritonitis or perforation

62.8

58.9

75.1

57.9

71.2

84.9

 

 Obstruction

25.3

27.4

18.3

30.3

23.7

5.1

 

 Bleeding or diverticulosis

2.3

2.5

0.9

3.8

1.7

1.0

 

 Others

9.6

11.2

5.7

7.9

3.4

9.1

 

Presence of colorectal cancer, %

38.6

42.5

33.6

35.0

23.7

10.1

< 0.001

Body mass index (kg/m2), mean ± SD

21.3 ± 4.2

21.3 ± 4.2

21.5 ± 4.3

21.1 ± 3.8

21.6 ± 3.7

20.4 ± 4.2

0.108

Comorbidities, %

       

 Diabetes

14.4

12.2

14.6

21.8

20.3

27.3

< 0.001

 Heart failure

4.0

2.5

4.4

10.6

3.4

9.1

< 0.001

 Chronic pulmonary disease

3.8

4.0

3.9

3.8

1.7

2.0

0.786

 Chronic liver disease

2.4

1.9

2.8

3.5

6.8

2.0

0.062

 Cancer (except for colorectal cancer)

16.9

16.7

13.1

18.2

15.3

9.1

0.067

Serum creatinine testsa, median [IQR]

       

 Baseline creatinine (mg/dl)

0.75 [0.59–0.81]

0.72 [0.59–0.80]

0.72 [0.57–0.77]

1.07 [0.89–1.41]

1.01 [0.82–1.37]

-

< 0.001

 Admission creatinine (mg/dl)

0.80 [0.64–1.07]

0.70 [0.59–0.83]

1.37 [1.14–1.90]

1.07 [0.83–1.44]

1.90 [1.56–2.84]

-

< 0.001

Blood tests at admission, median [IQR]

       

 White blood cell count (/1000 μl)

8.5 [5.0–12.5]

8.8 [5.4–12.8]

8.1 [4.4–12.8]

7.9 [5.07–10.8]

9.2 [5.1–12.5]

5.0 [2.8–9.7]

< 0.001

 Hemoglobin (g/dl)

12.1 [10.0–13.8]

12.6 [10.5–14.0]

11.4 [9.6–13.6]

11.2 [9.4–12.9]

11.0 [8.8–12.6]

10.5 [9.0–11.7]

< 0.001

 Platelet count (/10,000 μl)

21.5 [16.1–28.6]

22.7 [17.4–29.7]

19.7 [14.3–26.9]

19.7 [14.4–26.5]

17.0 [13.5–26.2]

15.0 [9.8–20.6]

< 0.001

 Total protein (g/dl)

6.2 [5.1–7.0]

6.3 [5.3–7.0]

5.9 [4.6–6.8]

6.1 [5.1–6.9]

5.9 [4.9–6.8]

6.0 [5.2–6.7]

< 0.001

 Total bilirubin (mg/dl)

0.7 [0.5–1.0]

0.7 [0.5–1.0]

0.8 [0.5–1.1]

0.7 [0.5–1.0]

0.7 [0.5–1.2]

0.4 [0.3–0.6]

< 0.001

 C-reactive protein (mg/dl)

3.9 [0.5–14.2]

2.7 [0.3–11.9]

11.6 [2.3–22.0]

2.8 [0.5–12.7]

13.6 [3.4–21.8]

4.8 [1.0–16.0]

< 0.001

  1. AKI acute kidney injury, CKD chronic kidney disease, eGFR estimated glomerular filtration rate, ESRD end-stage renal disease, IQR interquartile range, SD standard deviation
  2. aPatients with ESRD were excluded
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World Journal of Emergency Surgery

ISSN: 1749-7922